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physics yr10
domestic electricity
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Cards (39)
What is the unit of power used in a domestic setting?
Kilowatt
(kW)
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How is the amount of electricity used by a device determined?
By its
power
and
length
of use
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How can kilowatt hours (kWh) be calculated?
Using the formula
E
=
Pt
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What does E represent in the formula E = Pt?
Energy
transferred in
kilowatt
hours
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What does P represent in the formula E = Pt?
Power
in
kilowatts
(kW)
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What does t represent in the formula E = Pt?
Time
in
hours
(h)
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How is the cost of electricity calculated?
By multiplying
energy used
by
unit cost
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What is the unit cost of electricity?
Cost per
kilowatt
hour
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Where can data for calculating the cost of powering a device be found?
From
direct
or
secondary
information
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What does energy banding categorize devices by?
Power rating
and
efficiency
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What are the two main types of current used in electrical circuits?
Alternating current
and
direct current
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What is direct current (DC)?
Current that flows in a
single
direction
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What type of current is typically supplied by batteries?
Direct current
(DC)
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How does the voltage trace appear on an oscilloscope for DC?
As a
single
straight
line
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What is alternating current (AC)?
Current that constantly changes
direction
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What is the voltage and frequency of UK mains supply?
230 V
and
50 Hz
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How does the voltage trace appear on an oscilloscope for AC?
As a
sinusoidal
wave
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What are fuses and circuit breakers used for?
To protect
electrical
circuits and devices
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What is a fuse?
A small piece of wire in a
glass
tube
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How does a fuse work?
It melts to break the circuit if
current
is too large
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What are the standard ratings for fuses?
3A
,
5A
, and
13A
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What happens if a 5A current flows through a 3A fuse?
The fuse will
melt
and
break
the circuit
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What must be done once a fuse has melted?
It must be
replaced
for the device to work
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What are circuit breakers?
Automatic
switches that break a circuit during
faults
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What is the function of Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB)?
To stop current flow when a
fault
is detected
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How do MCBs compare to regular fuses?
MCBs stop
current
faster and can be
reset
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What do Residual Current Circuit Breakers (RCCB) monitor?
The current in
live
and
neutral
wires
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What happens when an RCCB detects a difference in current?
It
trips
and switches off the current
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What is the purpose of the ring main in domestic settings?
To link
power input
to all
sockets
and switches
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How are sockets and switches arranged in a ring main?
In
parallel
to supply the same
voltage
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What voltage is supplied by the ring main?
230 V
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What are the three types of wire in a ring main?
Live wire
,
neutral wire
,
earth wire
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What color is the live wire?
Brown
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What is the function of the neutral wire?
To complete the
electrical circuit
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What color is the earth wire?
Green and yellow striped
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What is the purpose of the earth wire?
To prevent the appliance from becoming
live
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What can be introduced into the ring main for renewable energy?
Small scale
domestic renewable generators
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What are the benefits of introducing renewable electricity generators?
Cost-effective in the
long term
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What is a drawback of installing renewable electricity generators?
Long
payback time
for installation
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