E1 and E2

• What are E1 and E2 reactions in organic chemistry?

  Elimination reactions forming alkenes from compounds
• How does the E1 reaction proceed?

  It is a two-step process via carbocation
• In which types of alcohols does E1 typically occur?

  Primary or tertiary alcohols with strong acids
• What characterizes the E2 reaction mechanism?

  It is a one-step process with simultaneous removal
• What is the rate order of E2 reactions?

  Second-order
• What type of intermediate is formed in E2 reactions?


  No intermediate is formed
• What are the key differences between E1 and E2 reactions?

  • E1: Two-step, first-order, carbocation intermediate, unimolecular kinetics
  • E2: One-step, second-order, no intermediate, bimolecular kinetics
• What happens in the first step of an E1 reaction?

  The alkyl halide loses its leaving group
• What occurs in the second step of an E1 reaction?

  A base removes a proton from the carbocation
• Why are tertiary alkyl halides favored in E1 reactions?

  They stabilize the carbocation better
• What is the geometric requirement for E2 reactions?

  Anti-periplanar geometry
• What happens during the transition state of an E2 reaction?

  Simultaneous bond breaking and formation occurs
• What is the result of the E2 reaction mechanism?

  Formation of an alkene without intermediates
• In the example of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, what happens after Br- departs?

  Water removes a β-hydrogen to form an alkene
• What is the role of the base in an E2 reaction?

  The base removes a β-hydrogen simultaneously
• How does the E2 mechanism differ from the E1 mechanism?

  E2 is concerted, while E1 has intermediates
• What is formed as a product in an E1 reaction?

  An alkene
• What type of reaction is E2?

  Concerted elimination reaction
• What does the term "transition state" refer to in E2 reactions?


  The state during simultaneous bond breaking and formation
• What is the role of the leaving group in E1 and E2 reactions?

  It departs to facilitate alkene formation
• How does temperature affect E1 and E2 reactions?


  Both typically occur at high temperatures
• What is the significance of β-hydrogen in E1 and E2 reactions?


  It is removed to form the alkene
• What is the product of the E2 reaction involving CH3O- and an alkyl halide?

  An alkene and methanol
• What is the role of water in the E1 reaction example provided?

  Water removes a β-hydrogen after Br- departs
• How do the mechanisms of E1 and E2 reactions impact the products formed?

  E1 forms products via carbocation, E2 directly