wave interaction

• What can happen when waves move from one medium to another?

  They can be transmitted, reflected, refracted, or absorbed
• Why do materials interact differently with parts of the EM spectrum?

  Due to the difference in wavelength
• What factors determine the type of interaction waves have with materials?

  The wavelength of the waves and the material
• What does glass do with visible light?

  Transmit and/or refract visible light
• How does refraction occur in electromagnetic waves?

  Due to the difference in velocity in substances
• What happens to electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

  They travel at the same speed
• What causes electromagnetic waves to refract?

  The slowing down of waves in different materials
• What is the normal line in refraction?

  A line perpendicular to the surface boundary
• How does light behave when moving from less dense to more dense media?

  It bends towards the normal
• What happens when light travels along the normal?

  It does not bend at all
• What changes occur during the refraction of light?

  Speed and wavelength change, frequency remains constant
• What is a convex lens also known as?

  A converging lens
• What is the principal focus of a convex lens?

  The point where parallel rays converge
• How does the curvature of a lens affect its focal length?

  The more curved the lens, the shorter the focal length
• How do convex lenses help correct long-sightedness?

  They direct rays to a focal point behind the retina
• What is a concave lens also known as?

  A diverging lens
• What happens to parallel rays of light in a concave lens?

  They diverge from a point
• What type of image does a concave lens always produce?

  A virtual image
• What characteristics describe the image produced by a convex lens?

  It can be real or virtual, inverted or upright
• What characteristics describe the image produced by a concave lens?

  It is always virtual and upright
• What is white light composed of?

  A mixture of all the colors of the spectrum
• How can white light be separated into its colors?

  By passing it through a prism
• Which color of light is refracted the most?

  Violet light
• What occurs during absorption of light?

  Energy is transferred to the particles of a substance
• What does it mean if an object appears red?

  Only red light has been reflected
• How do color filters work?

  They absorb certain wavelengths and transmit others
• What happens when white light passes through a red filter?

  Red light is transmitted, others are absorbed
• How is the color of an opaque object determined?

  By which wavelengths of light are reflected
• What makes an object appear white?

  All wavelengths are reflected equally
• What makes an object appear black?

  All wavelengths are absorbed
• What makes an object appear transparent?

  All light is transmitted, little is reflected
• What is specular reflection?

  Reflection from a smooth surface in one direction
• What gives a mirror its shiny appearance?

  Specular reflection from a smooth surface
• What is scattering?

  Reflection from a rough surface in many directions
• Why do objects appear dull or matt?

  Due to diffuse reflection from rough surfaces
• How does the surface of a table affect light reflection?

  It scatters light in many directions
• the ear

  1. Sound waves cause your eardrum to vibrate.
  2. These vibrations are passed down onto tiny bones in your ear called ossicles, through the semicircular canals and to the cochlea. 
  3. The cochlea turns these vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain through the auditory nerve. 
• the ear

  A) eardrum

  B) ossicles

  C) semicircular

  D) cochlea

  
• explain why humans can only hear sounds over a limited range of frequencies.

  human hearing is limited by the size and shape of the eardrum, and the structure of all the parts within the ear that vibrate to transmit the sound wave.