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Photosynthesis
SME
Chloroplast structure and function
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Created by
Imogen Stevens
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Cards (25)
What organelles in plant cells are responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
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What is the diameter range of chloroplasts?
2–10
μm
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What surrounds each chloroplast?
A
double-membrane envelope
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What type of bilayer makes up the chloroplast envelope membranes?
Phospholipid bilayer
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What is the permeability of the outer membrane of chloroplasts?
Permeable to
ions
and
small molecules
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What does the inner membrane of chloroplasts contain?
Transport proteins
for selective entry
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What is the fluid inside chloroplasts called?
Stroma
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What molecules are dissolved in the stroma?
CO₂
, sugars,
enzymes
, and other molecules
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What are the flattened sacs in the stroma called?
Thylakoids
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What do thylakoid membranes contain?
Pigments
,
enzymes
, and electron carriers
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What structures do thylakoids stack to form?
Grana
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What connects the grana in chloroplasts?
Stroma lamellae
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Why do the membranes of the grana create a large surface area?
To maximize
light absorption
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What are pigment molecules arranged in within chloroplasts?
Light-harvesting clusters known as
photosystems
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How are pigment molecules arranged in a photosystem?
In
funnel-like
structures
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What type of ribosomes are found in the stroma?
70S
ribosomes
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What does the loop of DNA in chloroplasts code for?
Some
chloroplast proteins
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Where are other chloroplast proteins coded for?
By the DNA in the
plant cell nucleus
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What are sugars formed during photosynthesis stored as?
Starch inside
starch grains
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What are the two stages of photosynthesis and where do they occur?
Light-dependent stage: occurs on
thylakoid membranes
Light-independent stage: occurs in the
stroma
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What adaptations do chloroplasts have for photosynthesis?
Stroma
: Contains enzymes for light-independent reactions
Grana
: Large surface area for
photosystems
DNA: Codes for proteins and enzymes
Ribosomes: Translate proteins coded by
cpDNA
Inner membrane
: Selective transport proteins control flow
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What is the role of the stroma in chloroplasts?
Contains enzymes for
light-independent
reactions
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How do grana contribute to photosynthesis?
Provide a large surface area for
light absorption
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What is the function of ribosomes in chloroplasts?
Translate proteins coded by
cpDNA
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What do selective transport proteins in the inner membrane control?
Flow of molecules between
stroma
and
cytosol
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