Using the light dependent products

• What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

  Light-dependent and light-independent stages
• Where does the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis occur?

  In the thylakoids
• Where does the light-independent stage of photosynthesis occur?

  In the stroma
• What is produced when hydrogen ions combine with NADP during the light-dependent stage?

  Reduced NADP
• What process produces ATP from ADP and P during photosynthesis?

  Photophosphorylation
• What is the equation for ATP production in photophosphorylation?

  ADP + P → ATP
• What gradient is used in photophosphorylation?

  The proton (H+) gradient
• What are the two products passed to the light-independent stage from the light-dependent stage?

  Energy from ATP and hydrogen from reduced NADP
• What is the collective name for the light-independent reactions?

  The Calvin cycle
• What complex organic molecules are produced during the light-independent stage of photosynthesis?

  • Starch (for storage)
  • Sucrose (for translocation)
  • Cellulose (for cell walls)
• What is the purpose of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis?

  To produce ATP and reduced NADP
• How are the light-dependent and light-independent stages of photosynthesis linked?

  Products of one stage fuel the other
• What is the role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis?

  Site of photosynthesis reactions
• What is the significance of photolysis in the light-dependent stage?

  It provides electrons for NADP reduction
• What is the main carbohydrate produced during the Calvin cycle?

  Glucose
• What is the function of sucrose in plants?

  For translocation around the plant
• What is cellulose used for in plants?

  Making cell walls
• What is the role of ATP in the light-independent stage?

  Provides energy for reactions
• What is the role of reduced NADP in the light-independent stage?

  Provides hydrogen for reactions
• How does the light-dependent stage contribute to the overall process of photosynthesis?

  It generates energy and reducing power
• What is the main product of the light-dependent reactions?

  ATP and reduced NADP
• What is the significance of the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

  Site of light-dependent reactions
• What is the chemical formula for water?


  H₂O
• What gas is used in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

  Provides energy for the reactions
• How does the structure of chloroplasts facilitate photosynthesis?

  Thylakoids increase surface area for light absorption