Immune system

• What is the main function of the immune system?

  To protect against pathogens
• What does the nonspecific defense system do?

  Stops pathogens from entering the body
• What happens when the skin is damaged?

  Pathogens can invade the body
• How do pathogens affect healthy tissue?

  They multiply and release toxins
• What are toxins?

  Chemicals released by bacteria
• What are the two main functions of the immune system?

  Destroys pathogens and protects against future infections
• What type of cells are involved in the immune system?

  White blood cells
• What is the process called when white blood cells ingest pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• What do white blood cells use to destroy pathogens?

  Enzymes
• What do antibodies do?

  Stick to pathogens and trigger their destruction
• How are antibodies produced?

  By white blood cells
• What is a key characteristic of antibodies?

  They are extremely specific
• How long can antibodies remain in the blood?

  For a long time
• What do antitoxins do?

  Stick to toxins and prevent cell damage
• What can certain bacteria release that makes us feel unwell?

  Toxins
• What are the functions of white blood cells in the immune system?

  • Ingest and destroy pathogens (phagocytosis)
  • Produce antibodies to target specific pathogens
  • Produce antitoxins to neutralize toxins
• Where can you find questions on the immune system?

  In the vision workbook
• What happens to antibodies after an infection?

  They remain in the blood for protection
• How does the immune system respond to a second infection by the same pathogen?

  It uses memory antibodies for a faster response