validity

• What does validity refer to in psychological testing?

  Legitimacy of test results
• What is the main question regarding a test's validity?

  Is it measuring what it intends to measure?
• What does internal validity assess in an experiment?

  Effects due to manipulation of the IV
• What is a major threat to internal validity?

  Demand characteristics
• How did participants in Milgram's study affect internal validity?

  They thought they weren't really shocking people
• What does external validity refer to?

  Generalizability of results beyond the study
• What are the different types of external validity?

  Ecological, temporal, population
• What does ecological validity involve?

  Generalization to everyday life
• How can low mundane realism affect ecological validity?

  It can lower ecological validity
• What does temporal validity assess?

  Findings hold true over time
• What can threaten temporal validity?

  Attitudes or situations present only in a timeframe
• How did Asche's results relate to temporal validity?

  They were influenced by the communist era
• What does population validity assess?

  Generalizability to other types of people
• What is face validity?

  It appears to measure what it should
• How can face validity be assessed?

  By eyeballing or expert review
• What is concurrent validity?

  Results match another established test
• What correlation indicates high concurrent validity?

  Correlation over +0.8
• How can validity be improved in questionnaires?

  • Incorporate a lie scale
  • Assure anonymity of responses
• How can observations enhance ecological validity?

  • Minimal researcher intervention
  • Covert observations yield natural behavior
• How can experiments improve validity?

  • Use a control group
  • Standardize procedures
  • Implement single/double blind procedures
• What are the strengths of qualitative methods regarding validity?

  • Higher ecological validity
  • Depth and detail reflect participant reality
• How can researchers enhance interpretive validity?

  • Coherence in reporting
  • Inclusion of direct quotes
  • Use of triangulation for evidence