Mutations

• What is the main focus of this video lesson?

  How DNA structure changes affect protein synthesis
• What determines the amino acid sequence of a protein?

  The base sequence of a gene
• What happens to a protein once it is formed?

  It folds into a unique shape
• How does the shape of a protein relate to its function?

  The shape determines the protein's function
• What is a mutation?

  A change to a base in DNA
• Do mutations happen frequently?

  Yes, mutations happen all the time
• What can happen when a single base in DNA changes?

  It may not change the amino acid sequence
• Why might a mutation not affect protein function?

  Different base triplets can code for the same amino acid
• What can a mutation that changes an amino acid do?

  It can alter the shape of the protein
• What might happen if the active site of an enzyme changes shape?

  It can no longer bind to the substrate
• What is the effect of a mutation on structural proteins like collagen?

  It may lose its strength
• What do chromosomes contain besides coding DNA?

  Non-coding parts of DNA
• What is the role of non-coding DNA regions?

  They switch genes on and off
• What can mutations in non-coding regions affect?

  How genes are switched on or off
• What could happen if a gene is turned on when it should be off?

  The cell may produce an unwanted protein
• What is a potential consequence of uncontrolled mitosis?

  It can lead to cancer
• Where can students find more questions on mutations?

  In the revision workbook