Ionic bonding

• What are ionic bonds?

  Strong electrostatic attractions between ions
• How can you identify ionic bonds in a compound?

  By the presence of metal and non-metal elements
• What is the structure of ionic compounds?

  • Giant structures
  • Ions arranged in a lattice
  • Electrostatic forces act in all directions
  • High melting points due to strong attractions
• What forms positive ions?

  Metal atoms losing electrons
• What is the charge of positive ions from group 1, 2, or 3 elements?

  Equal to the group number
• How do transition metals form positive ions?

  They can have different charges
• What are positive ions called?

  Cations
• How is a sodium ion represented in an electron configuration diagram?

  With an empty outer shell
• How many chloride ions surround each sodium ion in the sodium chloride lattice?

  Six chloride ions
• How are negative ions formed?

  By non-metal atoms gaining electrons
• What is the charge of negative ions from their group number?

  Negative charge equal to group number
• What are examples of polyatomic ions?

  CO₃^2-, SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, OH^-
• What are negative ions called?

  Anions
• How can the formula of a compound be determined?

  From the charges on each ion
• What is the formula when Mg²⁺ ions combine with F^- ions?

  MgF₂
• What factors affect the strength of ionic bonds?

  • Ionic charge
  • Ionic radius
  • Charge/size ratio
• Why is the ionic bonding in MgF₂ stronger than in NaF?

  Mg²⁺ is smaller and has greater charge
• What is the role of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in the body?

  Maintaining normal blood pressure