Atomic structure and isotopes

• What does the model of the atom describe?

  Atoms or ions in terms of particles
• What are the main components of the current atomic model?

  Protons and neutrons in a dense nucleus
• What is the relative mass of a proton?

  1.0
• What is the relative charge of a neutron?

  0
• What is the relative mass of an electron?

  1/2000
• Where is the mass of the atom concentrated?

  In the nucleus
• How can the periodic table be used in atomic structure?

  To deduce numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons
• How many neutrons are in potassium?

  20
• What defines isotopes?

  Atoms of the same element with different neutrons
• What is the atomic number of an element?

  Number of protons in the nucleus
• What happens to isotopes of heavier elements?

  They can be unstable and emit radiation
• What is the mass number of an isotope?

  Total number of protons and neutrons
• Why are different isotopes of carbon chemically identical?

  They have identical numbers of electrons and protons
• How many protons are in the Mg-24 isotope?

  12
• How many neutrons are in the Mg-24 isotope?

  12
• How many electrons are in the Mg²⁺ ion?

  10
• How does the number of electrons change in a 2+ ion?

  It is reduced by 2
• What are the examples of isotopes of carbon?

  • ¹²C: Mass number 12, 6 neutrons
  • ¹³C: Mass number 13, 7 neutrons
  • ¹⁴C: Mass number 14, 8 neutrons
• What are the properties of atomic particles?

  • Protons: Mass 1.0, Charge 1+
  • Neutrons: Mass 1.0, Charge 0
  • Electrons: Mass 1/2000, Charge 1-
• What is the relationship between mass number and neutrons in isotopes?

  • Mass number = Protons + Neutrons
  • Different isotopes have different neutrons