Calculating reacting masses and gas volumes

• What can be calculated using the balanced equation in a reaction?

  Quantities of reactants or products
• What does a balanced equation show in a chemical reaction?

  The ratio of reactants and products in moles
• What is the balanced equation for the formation of ammonia in the Haber process?

  N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
• What is the stoichiometry of a reaction?

  The ratio of reactants and products
• If 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 6 moles of hydrogen, what is the limiting reactant?

  Nitrogen is the limiting reactant
• What happens to excess hydrogen when reacting with nitrogen?

  It remains unreacted
• What is the first step in calculating the amount of a reactant in a reaction?

  Check the balanced equation
• How do you calculate the amount of magnesium nitrate in moles from 3.50g?

  Use mass/molar mass formula
• What is the balanced equation for the decomposition of magnesium nitrate?

  2Mg(NO₃)₂(s) → 2MgO(s) + 4NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
• What is the ratio of magnesium nitrate to oxygen gas in the reaction?

  2:1
• How do you find the amount of O₂ produced from 0.0236 mol of Mg(NO₃)₂?

  Divide by 2
• What is the molar mass of lithium nitrate, LiNO₃?

  68.9 g/mol
• How do you calculate the mass of lithium oxide formed from 1.24 g of lithium nitrate?

  Use mass = amount x molar mass
• What is the balanced equation for the decomposition of lithium nitrate?

  4LiNO₃(s) → 2Li₂O(s) + 4NO₂(g) + O₂(g)
• How much lithium oxide is formed from 0.018 mol of lithium nitrate?

  0.0090 mol of Li₂O
• What is the mass of lithium oxide formed from 0.0090 mol?

  0.27 g
• What are the steps to calculate the amount of a product formed in a reaction?

  1. Write the balanced equation.
  2. Calculate the amount of the limiting reactant.
  3. Use the ratio from the equation.
  4. Convert to mass if needed.
• What is the concept of limiting reactants in a chemical reaction?

  • The reactant that is completely consumed
  • Determines the maximum amount of product formed
  • Excess reactants remain unreacted
• What is the concept of stoichiometry in chemistry?

  • The calculation of reactants and products
  • Based on balanced chemical equations
  • Involves mole ratios of substances