Charles Invasion And Defeat

Cards (50)

  • Who was the leader of the Scots Covenanters?
    Argyll
  • What did Argyll declare after his father's execution?
    Charles Stuart as Charles II of Scotland
  • Where did Charles Stuart arrive from before coming to Scotland?
    The Hague
  • What was the Rump's response to Charles Stuart's arrival?
    They decided to strike first
  • Who refused to lead the invasion against the Scots?
    Fairfax
  • Why did Fairfax refuse to lead the invasion?
    He was concerned about army radicalisation
  • Who became commander-in-chief after Fairfax?
    Cromwell
  • How did Cromwell's campaign in Scotland begin?
    It did not start well
  • What strategy did the Scots use against Cromwell's forces?
    They withdrew behind defensible positions
  • What was the size of Cromwell's original invasion force?
    16,300
  • To what number was Cromwell's force reduced by September 1650?
    About 11,000
  • Where did Cromwell retreat to after his forces weakened?
    Dunbar
  • What was the size of the Scottish army compared to Cromwell's at Dunbar?
    Twice its size
  • Who led the London radicals in prayer for Cromwell's forces?
    Thomas Harrison
  • What was the date of the battle at Dunbar?
    3 September 1650
  • What was the outcome of the battle at Dunbar?
    Cromwell defeated the larger Scottish army
  • How many Scots were killed in the battle at Dunbar?
    3,000
  • How many Scots were captured after the battle at Dunbar?
    10,000
  • Who was the leader of the Scots Covenanters?
    Argyll
  • What did Argyll declare after his father's execution?
    Charles Stuart as Charles II of Scotland
  • Why did Cromwell return from Ireland?
    To meet the threat of a Scottish invasion
  • What was Fairfax's stance on the invasion against the Scots?
    He refused to lead the invasion
  • Who became commander-in-chief after Fairfax refused?
    Cromwell
  • What was the size of Cromwell's original invasion force?
    16,300
  • What did the Scots do instead of facing Cromwell in battle?
    Withdrew behind defensible positions
  • How many troops did Cromwell have left by September 1650?
    About 11,000
  • What happened to Cromwell's forces at Dunbar?
    They were pinned down by a larger Scottish army
  • What date did Cromwell defeat the Scottish army at Dunbar?
    3 September 1650
  • How many Scots were killed and captured at Dunbar?
    3,000 killed and 10,000 captured
  • What were the underlying factors contributing to the New Model Army's victory?
    Religious motivation, sea power, and economy
  • Who did the Scots put in command of their army after their failure?
    Charles Stuart
  • What happened during Lambert's attack at Inverkeithing in 1651?
    Lambert killed 2,000 Scots and took 1,400 prisoners
  • What was Cromwell's strategy after Lambert's victory?
    To establish English control in Perth
  • What was Cromwell's aim in Ireland after the regicide?
    To impose English Protestant control
  • How many parliamentary troops did Cromwell land with in Ireland?
    10,000
  • What was Cromwell's stance towards the Irish Catholics?
    To punish them for the 1641 rebellion
  • What was the nature of Cromwell's campaign in Ireland?
    A series of bloody sieges
  • What were the most infamous sieges during Cromwell's campaign in Ireland?
    Drogheda and Wexford
  • Who did Cromwell leave in charge of Ireland when he returned to England?
    Henry Ireton
  • What was Charles Stuart's ultimate aim in invading England?
    To secure the English throne