Finances

• Why was Charles anti Spanish policy so expensive

  • needed to support danish to attack catholics through northern Germany
  • financial support for protestant dutch
  • make a force of 6000 Englishmen for Mansfeld to lead
  • naval attack on Spain to capture their gold shipments
• how much did Charles want for war expenditure in 1625

  £1 million
• why was Charles refused the money for warfare 1625

  • didnt explain himself to the parliament
  • so only got 2 subsidies worth £140000
  • didnt grant him tonnage and poundage for life but for only 2 years
• how did Charles gain money for warfare w/o parliament

  • continued to collect tonnage and poundage without permission
  • used benevolence to demand money through prerogative by declaring emergency
• why was benevolence not successful

  • was voluntary to pay
  • very few paid in 1626
• what did Charles turn to when benevolence failed

  forced loans
• how did forced loans work

  • would be the same as 5 subsidies
  • made most who could pay
  • pressed subjects until they paid
  • made it a test of political loyalty
• opposition to the forced loans

  • 76 imprisoned for refusal
  • only £267000 was collected , 70 % of expected amount
• what did the continued conflict with France and Spain force Charles to do

  turn to parliament for more funds 1628
• Who was the monarch after James I?

  Charles I
• What economic condition did Charles I inherit?

  A generally disastrous economic position
• What caused the economic depression in the 1620s?

  Bad harvests
• How much royal debt did Charles I inherit by the 1620s?

  Approximately 900,000 pounds
• Why was Parliament reluctant to grant subsidies to James I?

  Due to his up and down relationship with them
• What was the impact of James I's spending habits on Charles I?

  Charles inherited significant debt
• How did foreign policy affect Charles I's economy?

  Costly wars negatively impacted the economy
• Who was the commander-in-chief during the Thirty Years' War?

  The Duke of Buckingham
• What was the relationship between Charles I's foreign policy and Parliament?

  It soured relations due to costly wars
• What did Charles I seek from the City of London merchants?

  A loan of around 60,000 pounds
• What did Parliament refuse to grant Charles I?

  Taxes and tonnage and poundage for life
• What was the consequence of Parliament refusing to grant taxes to Charles I?

  Charles dissolved Parliament in 1625
• Why did Charles I issue a forced loan?

  Due to expensive foreign policy ventures
• What was the Petition of Right?

  A bill granting financial subsidies to Charles I
• What did the Petition of Right establish regarding taxation?

  No taxation without parliamentary consent
• What was one of the key issues leading to conflict between Charles I and Parliament?

  Disagreements over economic policies
• How did Charles I's foreign policy decisions affect his reign?

  They led to economic strain and conflict with Parliament
• What were the main economic challenges Charles I faced upon his accession to the throne?

  • Inherited a disastrous economic position
  • Significant royal debt of around 900,000 pounds
  • Economic depression due to bad harvests
  • Extravagant spending habits of James I
• What were the key factors that soured Charles I's relationship with Parliament?

  • Refusal of subsidies by Parliament
  • Dissolution of Parliament in 1625
  • Forced loans due to foreign policy costs
  • Criticism of the Duke of Buckingham
• What were the implications of the Petition of Right for Charles I's governance?

  • No taxation without parliamentary consent
  • No instigation of martial law
  • Required royal assent for financial subsidies