G10 IT Data and Information

• Binary: A base-2 number system used in computers, where every piece of data is represented using combinations of 0s and 1s.
• Bit: The smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a binary digit (either 0 or 1) and the basic building block of digital computing.
• Byte: A group of 8 bits, the standard unit of data in most computer systems, representing a single character, number, or other symbols.
• Hexadecimal: A base-16 number system often used in computing to represent binary data more concisely, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
• Octal: A base-8 number system, less commonly used in modern computing, where each digit represents three bits in binary form.
• Primitive Data Type: Basic data types supported directly by most programming languages, including integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and booleans.
• Integer: A primitive data type used to represent whole numbers without decimal points in computing, including both positive and negative values.
• Real: A primitive data type used to represent numbers with decimal points, often called floating-point numbers, allowing for fractional values.
• String: A sequence of characters, such as letters, numbers, and symbols, used to represent text in programming languages and computer systems.
• Truncation: The process of cutting off or removing the decimal part of a number during conversion from a real number to an integer, resulting in data loss.
• Overflow: An error condition that occurs when a computation generates a result that exceeds the range of values that can be represented by a data type.
• ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a character encoding standard representing text-based information in computers.
• Path: The specific location or address used to identify the location of a file or directory in a file system, often expressed as a series of directory names.
• File Extension: A suffix attached to the end of a filename, indicating the format or type of the file and helping the operating system identify the appropriate application to open the file.
• Executable File: A file containing instructions that can be executed or run by a computer, often associated with applications or programs that perform specific tasks.
• Dynamic Link Library: A file containing reusable code and data that multiple programs can use simultaneously, promoting efficient use of system resources and easier software maintenance.
• Compiler: A software program that translates human-readable source code written in programming languages into machine code or executable files understood by computers.
• Wildcards: Special characters used in search patterns to represent unknown or multiple characters in filenames. The asterisk (*) represents any number of characters and the question mark (?) represents one singular character.
• JPEG: A commonly used image format that employs lossy compression for photographs and complex images, offering a good balance between file size and image quality.
• BMP: A image format that stores graphics as pixel-by-pixel representations, resulting in high-quality images but usually larger file sizes compared to compressed formats.
• PNG: A widely used image format that supports lossless compression, making it suitable for images with sharp edges, text, and transparency, often used for web graphics.
• Boolean is a data type used to represent true or false values.
• Integer is a data type used to represent whole numbers.
• String is a data type used to represent a sequence of characters.
• Char is a data type used to represent a single character or symbol.
• MP3: A digital audio format that uses lossy compression to store audio data, allowing for significant reduction in file size while maintaining relatively high audio quality, commonly used for music files.
• TIFF: A high-quality image format often used for storing raster graphics, supporting various color depths and resolutions, suitable for detailed and high-resolution images.
• DOCX: A file format used by Microsoft Word and other word processing software for documents containing text, images, tables, and formatting information.
• XLSX: A file format used by Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet software for storing data in tables, allowing complex calculations, data analysis, and visualization.
• PPTX: A file format used by Microsoft PowerPoint and other presentation software for creating multimedia presentations with slides, images, text, and multimedia elements.
• ACCDB: A file format used by Microsoft Access and other database management systems for storing structured data, forms, queries, and reports in a relational database.
• MP4: A widely used digital multimedia format for video and audio files, offering high-quality compression and support for various codecs and multimedia elements.
• MP4: A widely used digital multimedia format for video and audio files, offering high-quality compression and support for various codecs and multimedia elements.
• WAV: A high-quality audio file format that stores sound recordings without lossy compression, maintaining high fidelity, often used for professional audio applications.
• MPEG: A family of digital video and audio compression standards used for multimedia presentations, including MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4, balancing file size and quality.
• AVI: A multimedia container format that stores audio and video data using various codecs, providing high-quality playback and support for multiple streams.
• MLV: A video file format typically associated with Magic Lantern, a software enhancement for Canon DSLR cameras, storing high-quality video data for editing and post-production.
• PDF: A widely used file format for viewing and printing documents, maintaining the formatting and layout across different devices and platforms.
• ZIP: A file compression format used to compress and archive files, reducing their size for efficient storage, transmission, and organization, commonly used for file distribution.
• RAR: A file compression format similar to ZIP, used for compressing and archiving files, providing options for data recovery, encryption, and multi-volume archives.