Censorship and Control

    Cards (8)

    • Radio propaganda:
      • loud speakers
      • short-range ==> no BBC
      • in 2 days, 100 00 units were sold
      • Volksempfanger ==> peoples receiver, 1937-1939 it was 76 RM, which was relatively cheap
      • 70% owned a radio in 1939
      • Jews and communists removed
      • Radio wardens ==> co-ordinated radio listening in public
      • 1939 => 2/3 of radio time was music
    • The Press propaganda:
      • 4700 papers in 1933 => when Hitler took over Socialist and Communist papers stopped
      • controlled 2/3 of press due to the Nazi publishing house, Eher Verlag, bough majority of papers
      • October 1933 ==> Editor's Law ==> racially pure journalists
      • couldn't target specific groups from April 1935
      • 10% decline in newspaper circulation before 1939
    • The Berlin Olympics:
      • first games to be broadcast on TV
      • spread Nazism without upsetting people ==> removed anti-jewish posters
      • 42 million RM spent on creating the 130 hectare sports complex
      • 110 000 spectators
      • Leni Riefenstahl ==> 4 hour film called Olympia
      • Top of the Table with 89 medals
      • Jesse Owens undermined Nazi Ideologies
    • Nazi Ritual:
      • Heil Hitler salute
      • Horst Wessel anthem
      • militaristic uniforms
      • public festivals
    • Public Festivals:
      30th January = The Seizure of power
      24th February = Party foundation day
      16th March = Heroes Remembrance Day
      20th April = Hitler's Birthday
      1st May = National Labour day
      2nd Sunday in may = Mothering Sunday
      21st June = Summer Solstice
      2nd Sunday of July = German Culture
      September = Nuremberg party rally
      October = Harvest festival
      9th November = The Munich Putsch
      Winter Solstice = Pagan festival instead of Christmas
    • Joseph Goebbels:
      • had a humble beginning but was born disabled
      • committed anti-semite
      • propaganda chief
      • central figure of the regime
      • had many love affairs
      • maintained civilian morale during the allied bombing by visiting the cities ==> unlike Hitler
    • Literature:
      • over 2500 of Germany's writers left their homeland during the years 1933-45
      • many German writers were against the new cultural atmosphere in Germany
      • Erich Maria Remarque (wrote All Quiet on the Western Front) -> pacifist fled Germany
      • no noteable books during the reich
      • productions mainly kept with classics like Goethe
    • Cinema:
      • Jewish film studios handed over to the hands of nationalist sympathisers
      • Goebbels recognised the importance of expanding film - for propaganda and entertainment purposes
      • out of the 1097 films made from 1933 to 1945, only 96 were requested by the Propaganda ministry
      • Olympia, The Eternal Jew, The Adventures of Baron von Munchhausen