UNIT review

• How did artwork contribute to the French Revolution?

  It spread revolutionary ideals and critiqued the monarchy
• Who was a prominent artist during the French Revolution?

  Jacques-Louis David
• What did David's paintings promote?

  Republicanism and democratic values
• What role did art play during the French Revolution?

  It became a tool for propaganda
• What is absolutism?

  A form of government with absolute monarch power
• How does absolutism centralize power?

  Power is centralized in the monarch's hands
• Who is a notable example of absolutism?

  Louis XIV of France
• What did Louis XIV famously declare?

  "L'État, c'est moi" (I am the state)
• Which revolution undermined slavery in the Americas?

  The Haitian Revolution
• Who led the Haitian Revolution?

  Toussaint L'Ouverture
• What was the outcome of the Haitian Revolution?

  Abolition of slavery and independence for Haiti
• Which countries unified during the 19th and early 20th centuries?

  • Germany (1871 under Otto von Bismarck)
  • Italy (1860s under Garibaldi and Cavour)
  • Japan (Meiji Restoration starting in 1868)
• What drove the unifications of Germany, Italy, and Japan?

  Nationalism, industrialization, and military power
• What challenges did Latin America face after revolutions?

  Political instability and economic challenges
• Which countries struggled with weak governments after independence?

  Mexico, Argentina, and Venezuela
• What social hierarchies persisted in Latin America post-revolution?

  Creole elites maintained power over indigenous populations
• What was a key factor in the abolition of slavery?

  Enlightenment ideals of equality and liberty
• Who led the British abolitionist movement?

  William Wilberforce
• When was the slave trade abolished in Britain?

  1807
• When was slavery abolished in the U.S.?

  1865 after the Civil War
• How did Haiti's revolution contribute to abolition?

  It proved enslaved people could overthrow the system
• What are the similarities and differences between the French and American Revolutions?

  Similarities:

  • Inspired by Enlightenment ideals
  • Influenced modern democratic systems

  
  

  Differences:

  • American Revolution focused on independence
  • French Revolution was more radical and led to upheaval
• How are the U.S. Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen similar?

  Both promote natural rights and liberty
• What did the Declaration of Independence justify?

  The American colonies’ break from Britain
• What rights did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen emphasize?

  Freedom, property, and resistance to oppression
• What are the key ideas associated with the Enlightenment?

  • Reason and individualism
  • Natural Rights (Locke)
  • Separation of Powers (Montesquieu)
  • Social Contract (Rousseau)
  • Progress and Secularism
• What did John Locke advocate for?

  Natural rights and social contract (Rousseau)
• What was Thomas Hobbes' belief regarding government?

  A strong, centralized government is necessary
• What did Montesquieu advocate for?

  Separation of powers in government
• What did Rousseau believe about government?

  It should reflect the "general will" of the people
• What is nationalism?

  • Emphasizes shared identity, culture, and history
  • Advocates for self-determination and independent nation-states
  • A driving force behind unifications and independence movements
• What were the causes of the French Revolution?

  Social inequality, financial crisis, Enlightenment ideas
• What social system contributed to the French Revolution?

  The Estates System divided society into three estates
• What financial issues contributed to the French Revolution?

  Bankruptcy due to American Revolution spending
• How did poor harvests affect the French Revolution?

  They led to economic hardship and unrest
• What were the causes of the American Revolution?

  Taxation without representation and British interference
• How did Enlightenment ideas affect European society?

  They challenged traditional authority and promoted reforms
• What did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for?

  Women's educational and political rights
• What was the main argument in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman?

  Women should have equal rights and opportunities
• How did Wollstonecraft view society's perception of women?

  Society's lack of education led to perceived inferiority