Cellular Respiration

• where does glycolysis take place?

  the cytoplasm
• What are the net results of glycolysis?

  2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules
• What are the two phases of cellular respiration?

  preparatory phase and payoff phase
• What happens in the 4th step of glycolysis?

  fructose 1, 6-diphosphate is spit into DHAP and PGAL
• What is the equation for cellular respiration?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
• What are 3 types of work (that require energy) within cells?

  Mechanical work, transport work, and chemical work.
• What is an example of mechanical work in cells?

  Motion through cilia, flagella, and spindle fibres
• What is an example of transport work done within cells?

  Active transport
• Why do cells make ATP?

  ATP provides an easily accessible and immediate source of energy for the cell, whereas glucose takes longer to break down and release energy.
• where does krebs cycle take place?

  the matrix of the mitochondria
• Lable this diagram

  A) intermembrane space

  B) inner membrane

  C) matrix

  D) NADH

  E) NAD+

  F) FADH2

  G) FAD

  H) NADH dehydrogenase

  I) Succinate Dehydrogenase

  J) ubiquionne

  K) cytochrome complex

  L) cytochrome c

  M) cytochrome oxidase

  N) ATP Synthase

  O) ADP

  P) ATP

  
• Label this diagram

  A) Citrate

  B) isocitrate

  C) alpha-ketogluterate

  D) Succinyl Co A

  E) Succinate

  F) Fumarate

  G) Malate

  H) Oxaloacetate

  
• Label this diagram.

  A) matrix

  B) Outer membrane

  C) Ribosome

  D) cristae

  E) DNA

  F) inner membrane

  
• What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

  a metabolic reaction that results in the production of ATP by the transfer of phosphate from the substrate directly to the ADP finally forming ATP.
• What is oxidative phosphorylation?

  a metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy to produce ATP. An example is the ETC.
• What is aerobic respiration?

  The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  A process of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• what is isomerization reaction?

  Rearrangement of atoms within a molecule to form a different isomer.
• What is a redox reaction?

  a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two molecules
• what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?

  Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain).
• what is the chemiosmotic respiration of ATP?

  oxidative phosphorylation
• how is cellular respiration controlled by feedback inhibition?

  When ATP or citrate builds up in a cell, it inhibits one of the initial enzymes in glycolysis from continuing its process and therefore slows down cellular respiration.
• what does cellular respiration look like in prokaryotes?

  Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle occur in the cytoplasm, while oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the cell membrane.
• Label diagram

  A) 2 ADP

  B) 2 ATP

  C) 2 pyruvate

  D) decarboxylation

  E) 2 NAD+

  F) 2 NADH

  G) Glucose

  H) 2 enthanol

  I) 2 CO2

  J) 2 acetaldehyde

  
• Label diagram

  A) Glucose

  B) 2 NAD+

  C) 2 NADH

  D) 2 NADH

  E) 2 NAD+

  F) 2 Pyruvate

  G) 2 Lactate

  H) 2 ADP

  I) 2 ATP

  J) glycolysis

  K) NAD+ Regeneration

  
• what do other organisms metabolize for energy?

  Various organisms metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy.
• other than making energy what is cellular respiration good for?

  creating other molecules needed by cell. (Ex. PGAL into glycerol)
• what is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?

  2 ATP
• what is the net gain of ATP cellular respiration?

  36