AD 1

• How is adolescence defined in the study material?

  Adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood.
• What type of changes characterize adolescence?

  It is a period of physical changes related to general maturity.
• What does puberty signify?

  Puberty is a period of sexual maturity.
• What does adolescence encompass beyond physical changes?

  Adolescence encompasses sexual, cognitive, social, and emotional maturity.
• How does the definition of adolescence vary?

  The definition of adolescence varies depending on time and culture.
• According to the World Health Organization, what is the age range for adolescence?

  The age range for adolescence is between 10-19 years.
• Is adolescence considered a distinct stage in development?

  Yes, it is considered a distinct biological period.
• What are the three reasons adolescence is considered a distinct biological period?

  1. Specific behaviors are universal across cultures. 2. Similar behaviors in non-human animals. 3. Evident across history.
• How did Aristotle describe adolescents?

  He described them as lacking in sexual self-restraint, fickle in their desires, passionate, and impulsive.
• What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau say about adolescents?

  He noted that they experience a change in humor, frequent anger, and a mind in constant agitation.
• What is Elkind's concept of adolescent egocentrism?

  It refers to the transition to formal operational thinking and the ability to engage in abstract thinking.
• How does egocentrism differ between childhood and adolescence according to Elkind?

  In childhood, egocentrism is being oblivious to others' views, while in adolescence, it is being aware of others' views but assuming one's own view is universal.
• What does excessive focus on mental life during adolescence lead to?

  It leads to an awareness that can reflect upon thoughts and feelings, known as metacognition.
• What is the illusion of transparency in adolescence?


  It is the feeling that everyone knows what you are thinking or feeling.
• What is the personal fable and private god concept in adolescence?

  It is an inflated notion of self-importance and the belief that one is special or chosen.
• How does risk-taking manifest in adolescents?

  Adolescents engage in risk-taking behaviors and assume they cannot be harmed due to their special status.
• What is the imaginary audience phenomenon in adolescence?

  It is the false belief that others are scrutinizing and observing everything about you.
• How does the imaginary audience contribute to self-consciousness in teenagers?

  Elkind suggested that the imaginary audience is responsible for self-consciousness in teenagers.
• How does adolescent egocentrism develop according to Elkind?

  It develops through increased awareness of one's inner world and the realization that thoughts are not a reflection of reality.
• How do we transition to adulthood according to Elkind?

  We transition to adulthood through experiences that clash with the belief that people are overly interested in us and that we have protected status.