Intelligence

• What is the definition of intelligence?

  Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
• How is intelligence typically measured?

  Intelligence is measured using IQ tests, which can be verbal and non-verbal.
• Is intelligence considered a single construct?

  No, intelligence can be viewed as both a single construct and a multiple construct depending on the theory applied.
• What factors are debated in determining intelligence?

  Intelligence is debated to depend on both heredity and environmental influences.

  
• Can intelligence change over a person's life-span?

  Yes, intelligence can change over the life-span due to various factors including education and environment.
• What does IQ stand for?

  IQ stands for intelligence quotient.
• What types of tests are included in IQ tests?

  IQ tests include both verbal and non-verbal tests.
• What is an advantage of non-verbal IQ tests?

  Non-verbal tests eliminate issues related to language, verbal abilities, and cultural differences.
• Who is Francis Galton?

  Francis Galton was a key figure in the history of intelligence who believed intelligence was genetically determined.
• What did Francis Galton believe about intelligence?

  He believed that intelligence is a product of natural selection and must be genetically determined.
• Who developed the first IQ tests?

  Binet and Simon developed the first IQ tests to measure student abilities.
• What is the Stanford-Binet Scale?

  The Stanford-Binet Scale is an intelligence test devised by Lewis Terman and Maud Merrill.
• What type of study did Lewis Terman conduct with gifted children?

  He conducted a longitudinal study to observe gifted children throughout their lives.
• What did Terman find about highly intelligent individuals?

  He found that highly intelligent individuals were healthy and stable, not weaklings or misfits.
• What was the purpose of the military use of IQ tests during WW1?

  The purpose was to assign soldiers to tasks appropriate to their abilities.
• What is eugenics as promoted by Lewis Terman?

  Eugenics is the promotion of selective breeding to cultivate desirable intellectual and physical characteristics.
• Who advised the British government on aptitude tests?

  Cyril Burt advised the British government to use aptitude tests for educational placement.
• What does the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale assess?

  The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale assesses cognitive abilities across a wide age range.
• What did research suggest about occupational levels and social class in relation to intelligence?

  Research suggested that occupational levels and social class are determined by innate and hereditary levels of intelligence.

  
• What issues were raised about Cyril Burt's data and analysis?

  There were problems with his data and analysis, which may have been fabricated.
• What is a significant issue with intelligence tests?

  Cultural bias in test construction and standardization procedures is a significant issue with intelligence tests.
• How do intelligence tests favor certain groups?

  Intelligence tests favor groups from more affluent backgrounds and discriminate against less privileged racial, ethnic, or social groups.
• What is Raven’s Progressive Matrices?

  Raven’s Progressive Matrices is a non-verbal intelligence test used to measure abstract reasoning.
• What does WISC stand for?

  WISC stands for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
• What does WASI stand for?

  WASI stands for Wechsler Adult Scale for Intelligence.
• What types of intelligence do WISC and WASI tests tap into?

  WISC and WASI tests include verbal and non-verbal tests that tap into both crystallized and fluid intelligence.
• What is a genotype?

  A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.
• What is a phenotype?

  A phenotype is the observable physical properties of an organism, including appearance, development, and behavior.
• What factors influence intelligence according to the study material?

  Intelligence is influenced by both genotype and environmental factors.

  
• What can be measured in relation to intelligence?

  Only a phenotype can be measured, as performance depends on many factors.
• What is the normal distribution in the context of intelligence?

  Normal distribution refers to the statistical distribution of intelligence scores in a population.

  
• What is the theoretical definition of intelligence?

  The theoretical definition of intelligence is that it is what IQ measures.
• How are IQ tests correlated with other measures?

  IQ tests are highly correlated with working memory, academic performance, problem-solving, reasoning, career, and income.
• What does correlation refer to in statistics?

  Correlation refers to a statistical test that looks at the relationship between two or more variables.
• What is generalized intelligence?

  Generalized intelligence is a single construct that influences all cognitive functioning.
• What are the two components of multiple intelligence according to Cattell?

  The two components are fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.