Glossary

• Aerobic respiration = process of cellular respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration = process of cellular respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen
• Glycolysis = metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate
• Link reaction = conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-coA
• Krebs cycle = biochemical reactions that release energy through the oxidation of acetyl-coA
• Oxidative phosphorylation = cellular process that harnesses the reduction of oxygen to generate high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP
• Hydrolysis = chemical reaction where water is used to break down the chemical bonds in a substance
• Activation energy = minimum amount of energy that must be present for a chemical reaction to happen
• Oxidation = when a chemical species gains oxygen or loses hydrogen
• Reaction = process by which reactants are converted into products
• ATP = source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level
• Substrate-level phosphorylation = direct formation of ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a high energy molecule to an ADP
• Acetyl coenzyme A = provides the acetyl group for energy synthesis
• Reduced co-enzymes = contribute to the electron transport chain
• NAD = coenzyme that is an electron carrier used to temporarily store energy during respiration
• FAD = act as electron carriers by accepting and donating electrons
• Electrons = subatomic particles with a negative charge
• Eukaryotic cells = cells that possess a clearly defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• Electron transfer chain = series of protein complexes which transfer electrons via redox reactions
• Redox reactions = reactions where both oxidation and reduction occur
• Chemiosmotic theory = process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP