Struggle for independence

• Group that organised the 1916 Rising?

  The secret military council.
• Name 3 members of the secret military council.

  Padraig pearse, Joseph Plunkett and Thomas Clarke.
• Which group did the secret military council convince to join the rising?

  The Labour Party.
• Why did Eoin MacNeill not want the Irish volunteers to join the rising?

  This was because he believed that the irish volunteers should only fight if they were first attacked by the british government.
• How did the IRB deal with this?

  They showed MacNeill a forged document stating that the British Government planned to disarm the Irish volunteers
• What were three buildings that were occupied by the rebels?

  The General Post Office (GPO), St. Stephens Green and Jacobs Factory.
• 4 Reasons why the rising failed

  •The British soldiers outnumbered the rebels by 5,000.

  •Lack of weapons and ammunition

  •The rebels were in areas that could easily be surrounded.

  •Confusion leading up to the Rising.
• Three consequences of the Rising

  •About 500 people were killed and about 2,500 were injured

  •Damage to buildings and propertys amounted to almost €4 million.

  •Almost 3,000 people were sent to British Prisons.
• 3 reasons why Sinn Fein became popular after the rising.

  •Sinn Fein was given the recognition and credit for the Easter Rising.

  •Sinn Fein changed its aims to "The international recognition of Ireland as an Independent Irish republic.

  •They began to win by-elections, filling many seats.
• What was the date when the first Dail met?

  21st of January 1919.
• Why were so many TD's absent?

  •This was because some were in jail or on the run due to events like the German Plot.
• List three ways Sinn Fein established control in Ireland after the Dail.

  •They gained control of local government.

  •They founded Sinn Fein/Dail courts to deal with peoples crimes

  •They organised loans to help run the Dail.
• When did the war of independence begin?

  21st of January 1919
• What were 3 methods used by the IRA during the war of independence?

  •The IRA used guerrilla warfare tactics against the British forces

  •Michael Collins organised an intelligence network of spies to gather information and named them "The Squad"

  •Local units called flying columns were set up as numbers in the IRA increased.
• What were 2 methods the British forces used against the IRA.

  •A group called the Black and Tans were made to help the RIC.

  •Terrible reprisals were carried out by the Black and Tans
• When did the war of independence end?

  11th July 1921.
• 2 reasons why the war of independence ended.

  •The war was costing Britain around £20 million a year.

  •The Irish were running out of guns and ammunition.
• Name three members of the Irish delegation that went to london to negotiate the anglo irish treaty.

  Michael Collins, Arthur Griffith and Robert Barton.
• Two things the Irish Deligation wanted

  •A republic completely independent of Britain

  •No border between north and south
• Two things The British wanted.

  •To keep Ireland in the British empire

  •To protect Ulster Unionists
• 4 Terms of the anglo irish treaty

  •Ireland would be called the Irish Free State.

  •Ireland would become a dominion.

  •All TD's would have to take an oath of allegiance to the British Crown.

  •A boundry commission would be set up to decide the border between north and south.
• 3 arguments for and against the treaty.

  For:

  •They couldnt fund a war against Britain.

  •The treaty was an improvement on Home Rule.

  •The treaty guaranteed immediate peace with Britain.

  Against:

  •They had not achieved the republic they fought and died for.

  •They should have gotten better terms.

  •Irish TD's shouldnt have to swear an oath of allegiance to the Crown.
• Name 2 IRA supporters of the treaty.

  The regulars/Irish free state army
• 1 supporter against the treaty

  Irregulars
• What the special powers act gace the people the power to do.

  •It allowed people to arrest and try imprison IRA members and even execute them.
• Consequences of the civil war (4)

  •Death and damage to property

  •A divided country, families and friends had to split across pro-treaty and anti treaty lines

  •Under the boundary commission, the border was unchanged which angered people

  •Sinn Fein was no longer Ireland main political party because of the creation of Fianna Fáil, an anti-treaty side.
• Define "Partition"


  The separation of the north and south of ireland into two different states
• 3 protestant forces in northern ireland

  Orange order, RUC and B-specials
• Define "Sectarianism"


  Conflict and hatred based on a religious divide.
• Gerrymandering?


  Rearrangement of voting districts to benefit a political party.