"Eva"

• Analysis

  Priestley’s deliberate choice of the name "Eva" for his central symbol is a biblical allusion to Eve from Genesis, who represents the origin of humankind. This allusion universalises Eva’s plight, positioning her as a representative of all women and their shared suffering under patriarchal systems. Through this connection, Priestley critiques not just the struggles of working-class women but also the broader systemic oppression of women across all social classes, including the restricted lives of upper-class women like Sheila and Sybil.
• Alternative interpretation

  Alternatively, the name "Eva" can be interpreted as a tool to expose how patriarchy intertwines with capitalism to exploit women not only sexually but also economically. This suggests that her suffering is emblematic of the universal subjugation of women, where even those from upper classes, such as Sheila and Sybil, experience limited independence and are subject to male dominance, as seen in their interactions with Gerald and Mr. Birling.
• Themes

  Patriarchy and Gender Exploitation: Priestley uses Eva as a symbol to critique the patriarchal system, which oppresses women across all social classes.

  Sexual Exploitation: Eva’s experiences with Gerald and Eric highlight the systemic sexual exploitation of women, a theme extended to upper-class women like Sheila and Sybil.

  Universal Suffering: The biblical allusion positions Eva as a universal figure representing women’s struggles under patriarchal and capitalist systems, connecting the personal with the societal. 
• Writers intention

  Priestley’s intention in naming her "Eva" is to invoke a timeless and universal critique of patriarchy, highlighting how women across all classes have been exploited and denied independence. By connecting Eva to Eve, Priestley appeals to his audience's sense of morality, suggesting that societal progress must include dismantling patriarchal oppression. Through Eva’s suffering, Priestley underscores the urgency for change, advocating for socialism as a means to create a fairer, more equal society for all women.