Chem2

• What is the reaction of Group 0 elements with oxygen?

  No reaction
• What do Group 7 elements form when reacting with oxygen?

  Unstable oxides
• What happens to sulfur when it reacts with oxygen?

  It burns quickly to form SO2
• How does nitrogen react with oxygen?

  Nitrogen reacts only at high temperatures
• What oxides does phosphorus form with limited and excess oxygen?

  P4O6 in limited oxygen, P4O10 in excess oxygen
• What is required for Group 4 elements to react with oxygen?

  Heat is needed to react
• How do Group 3 elements react with oxygen?


  They rapidly form an oxide layer for protection
• How do Group 2 elements react with oxygen?

  They react vigorously but not as fast as Group 1
• How do Group 1 metals react with oxygen?

  They react quickly to form metal oxides
• What color flame does lithium produce when burned?

  Red flame
• What color flame does sodium produce when burned?

  Orange flame
• What trend occurs in the melting and boiling points of Group 1 elements?

  They decrease as you go down the group
• Why do melting and boiling points decrease in Group 1 elements?

  Atomic radius increases, weakening electrostatic attraction
• What is electronegativity?

  Atoms' ability to attract bonding pair of electrons
• What trend occurs in electron affinity down a group?

  It becomes less exothermic
• Why does electron affinity become less exothermic down a group?

  Outer shell is further from nucleus
• Why does electron affinity become more exothermic across a period?

  No increase in shielding, stronger attraction
• What are the trends in reactivity and reactions of Groups 1 to 7 with oxygen?

  • Group 1: React quickly to form metal oxides
  • Group 2: React vigorously, needs heat
  • Group 3: Rapidly form protective oxide layer
  • Group 4: Needs heat to react
  • Group 5: Nitrogen reacts at high temp, phosphorus forms P4O6 and P4O10
  • Group 6: Sulfur burns to form SO2
  • Group 7: No reaction, form unstable oxides
• What are the trends in melting and boiling points across Groups 1 and 7?

  • Group 1: Melting and boiling points decrease down the group
  • Group 7: Melting points decrease down the group due to stronger van der Waals forces
• What are the trends in ionic and atomic radii across and down the groups?

  • Ionic radius down a group: Increases due to extra shells
  • Ionic radius across anions: Decreases due to increased nuclear charge
  • Ionic radius across cations: Decreases due to increased nuclear charge
  • Atomic radius down a group: Increases due to added electron shells
  • Atomic radius across a period: Decreases due to increased nuclear charge
• What are the trends in electronegativity and electron affinity across and down the groups?

  • Electronegativity down a group: Decreases due to increased shielding
  • Electronegativity across a period: Increases due to increased nuclear charge
  • Electron affinity down a group: Becomes less exothermic
  • Electron affinity across a period: Becomes more exothermic