science - biology.

    Cards (41)

    • What type of questions is the video discussing?
      Hard questions from a QA biology paper one.
    • What is the purpose of the video?
      To guide viewers through difficult biology exam questions.
    • What should students focus on according to the video?
      What the examiners are looking for in answers.
    • How should students structure their answers to comparison questions?
      By addressing similarities and differences in detailed paragraphs.
    • What organelle is common to both plant and animal cells?
      The nucleus.
    • What is the function of the mitochondria?
      It is responsible for turning sugar into energy through respiration.
    • What are ribosomes responsible for?
      Producing proteins.
    • What is the role of the cell membrane?
      It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
    • What is the cytoplasm's function?
      It is where cellular reactions take place.
    • What organelle is responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of plant cells?
      The large vacuole.
    • Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?
      In the chloroplasts.
    • What structure prevents plant cells from bursting?
      The cell wall.
    • What is the process of mitosis?
      It is the division of a cell to form two identical daughter cells.
    • What is required for mitosis to occur?
      The cell must grow to a certain size and replicate its DNA.
    • What happens to chromosomes during mitosis?
      They line up in the middle and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
    • What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
      They have an active site specific for their substrate, facilitating reactions.
    • What happens when a substrate fits into an enzyme's active site?
      The enzyme either breaks it down or converts it into something new.
    • What is the pathway of blood through the heart?
      Blood enters through the vena cava, goes to the right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, and out via the aorta.
    • What is the function of valves in the heart?
      To prevent blood from flowing backward.
    • What happens to blood when it reaches the lungs?
      It picks up oxygen and becomes oxygenated.
    • What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood?
      The pulmonary artery.
    • What happens to oxygenated blood after it leaves the lungs?
      It re-enters the heart through the pulmonary vein.
    • What is the pathway of blood from the left atrium to the rest of the body?
      It moves down through the valve into the left ventricle and is pumped out via the aorta.
    • Why is the muscle on the left side of the heart larger than the right side?
      It pumps blood throughout the entire body, requiring more strength.
    • What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
      It absorbs nutrients from digested food.
    • What are the two types of digestion that occur in the digestive system?
      Mechanical digestion and enzyme digestion.
    • Where does mechanical digestion primarily occur?
      In the mouth and stomach.
    • What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
      Amylase.
    • What enzyme breaks down fats?
      Lipase.
    • What enzyme breaks down proteins?
      Protease.
    • Where are digestive enzymes produced?
      In the pancreas.
    • What is the function of bile?
      To neutralize stomach acid and emulsify fats.
    • What happens to food after it is broken down in the small intestine?
      It moves through to the large intestine where water is reabsorbed.
    • What are the three key features of the small intestine that aid in absorption?
      Thin walls, large blood supply, and villi for a large surface area.
    • How does the structure of the small intestine facilitate nutrient absorption?
      Its thin walls allow easy passage of food particles, and villi increase surface area.
    • What factors limit the rate of photosynthesis?
      Supply of reactants, light intensity, temperature, and availability of chlorophyll.
    • What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
      6CO<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O + light energyC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> + 6O<sub>2</sub>.
    • How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?
      It increases up to an optimal point, then decreases if too high.
    • What happens to proteins at high temperatures?
      They can denature and lose their function.
    • What is oxygen debt?
      It occurs when glucose is broken down anaerobically into lactic acid, releasing little energy.
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