Anatomy osteology

• What is the total number of bones in the adult human skeleton?

  206 bones
• What are the two divisions of the human skeleton?


  Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
• What are the components of the axial skeleton?

  • Skull
  • Vertebral column
  • Thorax (ribs and sternum)
• What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?

  • Pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapula)
  • Upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna, etc.)
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula, etc.)
• How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

  80 bones
• How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

  126 bones
• What is the function of the hyoid bone?

  Supports the tongue and aids in swallowing
• What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

  Supports the body and protects the spinal cord
• What are the five types of bones in the human body?

  Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones
• How does the structure of the femur differ from that of the humerus?

  The femur is longer and supports weight
• What are the main types of joints in the human body?

  • Ball-and-socket joints
  • Hinge joints
  • Pivot joints
  • Saddle joints
  • Biaxial joints

  
• What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

  Multiaxial ball-and-socket joint
• What is the role of ligaments in joints?

  They connect bones and stabilize joints
• How does mobility in joints change from proximal to distal in the limbs?

  Mobility decreases from proximal to distal
• What are the main components of bone structure?

  • Compact bone
  • Spongy bone
  • Medullary cavity
  • Articular cartilage
• What is the function of the medullary cavity in bones?

  Stores bone marrow and fat
• What is ossification in bone development?

  The process of bone formation from cartilage
• How does the ossification process differ in limb bones compared to cranial bones?

  Limb bones ossify later than cranial bones
• What is the significance of fontanelles in newborns?

  They allow for skull flexibility during birth

  
• What is the anatomical context of skeletal elements?

  It refers to the relationships between bones and joints

  
• How do muscles produce movements in relation to bones?

  Muscles contract and pull on bones at joints
• What is the role of the clavicle in the skeletal system?

  Connects the arm to the body
• What is the function of the scapula?

  Provides attachment for shoulder muscles
• What bones make up the pelvic girdle?

  Hip, pelvic, or coxal bones
• What is the significance of the phalanges in the skeletal system?

  They form the fingers and toes
• How does the structure of the adult skeleton differ from that of a child?

  Children have more bones due to growth plates
• What is the primary function of the ribs?

  Protect the thoracic cavity and organs
• What is the role of the sternum in the skeletal system?

  Connects ribs and protects the heart
• How do the auditory ossicles contribute to the skeletal system?

  They transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear
• What is the anatomical term for the thigh bone?

  Femur
• What is the significance of the patella?

  It protects the knee joint and aids movement
• How does the structure of the tibia differ from that of the fibula?

  The tibia bears weight, while the fibula stabilizes
• What is the function of the tarsal bones?

  Support the ankle and foot structure
• What is the role of the metatarsals in the skeletal system?

  Form the middle part of the foot
• How do the bones of the hand differ from those of the foot?

  Hand bones are more flexible than foot bones
• What is the anatomical term for the wrist bones?

  Carpals

  
• What is the significance of the calcaneus?

  It forms the heel of the foot
• How does the structure of the adult skeleton support its functions?

  It provides support, protection, and movement
• What is the primary role of the skeletal system?

  Support and protect the body
• How do bones contribute to mineral storage?

  They store calcium and phosphorus