Historic - Wundt/ German psych

• What is the significance of Wundt in the context of psychology?


  Wundt is considered the founder of experimental psychology.
• What are the key concepts of the philosophy of education in Germany during the 19th century?


  • Emphasis on Wissenschaft and Bildung
  • Academic freedom highly valued
  • Focus on research-based degrees rather than a specific curriculum
• What was Ernst Weber's contribution to psychophysics?


  He researched sensory processes and two-point thresholds at Leipzig.
• What was the goal of Gustav Fechner's work in psychophysics?


  Fechner aimed to disprove materialism and establish a relationship between physical stimuli and psychological experiences.
• How do the methods of limits and adjustment differ in psychophysics experiments?


  In the method of limits, the experimenter controls the stimulus, while in adjustment, the participant controls it.
• What is the significance of Fechner's work in the field of psychology?


  Fechner established psychophysics as a scientific discipline and influenced experimental psychology.
• What is the title of Wundt's influential work published in 1873-1874?


  Principles of Physiological Psychology
• What are the two parts of Wundt's new psychology?


  Immediate conscious experience and higher mental processes.
• What is the subtraction method in mental chronometry as developed by Donders?


  The subtraction method calculates reaction times by isolating the time taken for specific cognitive processes.
• How did Wundt's views on psychology evolve over time?


  Wundt's views shifted from structuralism to voluntarism, emphasizing an active mind and cultural influences.
• What is the significance of Wundt's laboratory established in 1879 at the University of Leipzig?


  It marked the official start of psychology as an experimental and scientific discipline.
• What does Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve illustrate?

  The forgetting curve shows that memory retention declines rapidly at first and then levels off over time.
• Who was G. E. Müller and what was his contribution to memory research?

  Müller added introspection to Ebbinghaus's memory tasks and invented the memory drum.