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Biology
Topic 2 - organisation
lungs,heart,blood
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Created by
Evie Coburn
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Cards (67)
What is the primary function of the lungs?
To exchange
oxygen
and
carbon dioxide
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How do the lungs facilitate respiration?
By taking in
oxygen
and expelling
carbon dioxide
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Where are the lungs located in the body?
In the
thorax
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What separates the lungs from the lower part of the body?
The
diaphragm
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What shape are the lungs described as?
Big pink sponges
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What protects the lungs?
The
ribcage
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What surrounds the lungs?
Pleural membranes
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What is the pathway of air into the lungs?
Through the
trachea
, then
bronchi
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What are the two tubes that the trachea splits into?
Bronchi
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What do bronchioles lead to?
Alveoli
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Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
In the
alveoli
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What are alveoli?
Small air sacs in the
lungs
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How many alveoli are in the lungs?
Millions
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What surrounds the alveoli?
A network of
blood capillaries
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What happens to carbon dioxide in the alveoli?
It diffuses into the
alveolus
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What is the process of oxygen diffusion in the alveoli?
Oxygen diffuses from alveoli to
blood
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What happens to oxygen when blood reaches body cells?
It
diffuses
into the body cells
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What happens to carbon dioxide in body cells?
It
diffuses
into the
blood
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What is the formula to calculate breathing rate?
Breathing rate =
breaths
÷
minutes
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If Kerry takes 91 breaths in 7 minutes, what is her breathing rate?
13
breaths per minute
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What does the circulatory system carry to cells?
Food and
oxygen
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What is another function of the circulatory system?
To collect
waste products
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What are the main components of the circulatory system?
Heart
,
blood
vessels, and blood
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What type of circulatory system do humans have?
A
double
circulatory system
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What does the right ventricle do?
Pumps
deoxygenated
blood to the
lungs
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What does the left ventricle do?
Pumps
oxygenated
blood to the body
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What prevents blood from flowing backwards in the heart?
Valves
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What happens when the atria contract?
Blood
is pushed into the
ventricles
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What happens when the ventricles contract?
Blood is forced into the
pulmonary artery
and
aorta
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What do coronary arteries supply?
Oxygenated blood
to the heart
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What controls the resting heart rate?
A group of cells in the
right atrium
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What do pacemaker cells produce?
A small electric
impulse
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What does an artificial pacemaker do?
Controls
heartbeat
with
electric current
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What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries
,
capillaries
,
veins
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What do arteries do?
Carry
blood
away from the
heart
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What is the structure of artery walls?
Thick and strong to withstand
pressure
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How do arteries help push blood along?
They
contract
and relax
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What is the thickness of capillary walls?
One
cell thick
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What is the function of capillaries?
Exchange
materials at tissues
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What do veins do?
Carry
blood
back to the
heart
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