L15 - Gram-stain-positive Bacteria

• What is the scientific name for Staphylococcus aureus?

  Staphylococcus aureus
• What does the name Staphylococcus mean?

  Balls that look like bunches of grapes
• What type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus?

  Gram-stain-positive cocci
• Where is Staphylococcus aureus commonly found on humans?

  On skins, forehead, groin, nasal mucosa
• What is MRSA?

  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• What is a serious infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

  Osteomyelitis
• What condition does Staphylococcus aureus cause in chickens?

  Bumblefoot
• How can Staphylococcus aureus be transferred to humans?

  From the mouth/nose of dogs
• What is the scientific name for Strep throat's causative agent?

  Streptococcus pyogenes
• What type of bacteria is Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Gram-stain-positive cocci forming chains
• What percentage of healthy humans carry Streptococcus pyogenes?

  Up to 5%
• What serious condition can Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

  Pneumonia
• What is the scientific name for Lactobacillus acidophilus?

  Lactobacillus acidophilus
• What type of bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus?

  Gram-stain-positive rods
• What pH does Lactobacillus acidophilus grow below?

  pH 5
• What fermentation process does Lactobacillus acidophilus use?

  Homolactic fermentation
• What products are made using Lactobacillus acidophilus?

  Yoghurts and cheeses
• What is the scientific name for Lactobacillus vaginalis?

  Lactobacillus vaginalis
• Where is Lactobacillus vaginalis found?

  In the vagina of humans
• What fermentation process does Lactobacillus vaginalis use?

  Heterolactic fermentation
• What is a key characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  Acid-fast cell walls
• What disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  Tuberculosis (TB)
• What is the treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?

  Triple therapy of antimicrobials
• What is the scientific name for Bacillus anthracis?

  Bacillus anthracis
• What type of bacteria is Bacillus anthracis?

  Gram-stain-positive rods
• What is a significant feature of Bacillus anthracis?

  Produces endospores
• What is the habitat of Bacillus anthracis?

  Common soil organism
• What is the primary cause of death associated with Bacillus anthracis?

  Mass inflammation and tissue necrosis
• What is the scientific name for Deinococcus radiodurans?

  Deinococcus radiodurans
• What is a unique characteristic of Deinococcus radiodurans?

  Resists high levels of radiation
• What metal aids Deinococcus radiodurans in radiation resistance?

  Manganese
• What structure do cells of Deinococcus radiodurans form?

  Tetrads
• What are the key characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus?

  • Gram-stain-positive cocci
  • Forms random grape-like clusters
  • Found on human skin
  • Pathovars include MRSA and VRSA
  • Causes infections like folliculitis and osteomyelitis
• What are the key characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes?

  • Gram-stain-positive cocci
  • Forms chains
  • Can cause strep throat and necrotising fasciitis
  • Part of normal skin flora
• What are the key characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus?

  • Gram-stain-positive rods
  • Grows below pH 5
  • Ferments sugars to produce lactic acid
  • Used in dairy products and as a probiotic
• What are the key characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Gram-stain-positive rods
  • Acid-fast cell walls
  • Obligate aerobe
  • Causes tuberculosis and requires long-term treatment
• What are the key characteristics of Bacillus anthracis?

  • Gram-stain-positive rods
  • Produces endospores
  • Common soil organism
  • Causes anthrax and has protein toxins
• What are the key characteristics of Deinococcus radiodurans?

  • Gram-stain-positive cocci
  • Resists high levels of radiation
  • Contains manganese for radiation shielding
  • Forms tetrads
• What are the supplementary self-test questions related to the study material?

  1. Habitat of Lactobacillus acidophilus
  2. Mycolic acids in Mycobacterium spp.
  3. Manganese in Deinococcus spp.
  4. Structure of Streptococcus spp.
  5. Structure of Deinococcus radiodurans
  6. Products made using Lactobacillus acidophilus
  7. Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine species
  8. Lactic fermentation in the vagina
  9. Causative agent of impetigo