Saw Rastafarianism as a political movement which is a form of resistance towards racism
Johal
Some Asians adopt a 'hyper-ethnic style' which is an exaggerated form of their parent culture, including watching Asian films, listening to Asian music
Ethnocentric sociologists
Hebdige: there is a clear relationship between black styles of fashion, music and dance but these differences weren't explored in detail.
Cashmore: rap can be seen as a hybrid form, it has many styles and no point of origin. Rap culture has changed to be adapted for different cultures
Nayak
White wannabes: young working class males who adopted the style of black culture
Vale and Juno
Looked at modern primitives and found that body modifications are a reaction to the powerlessness they face by living in a fast changing world
Cultural Appropriation
Hutnyk: the Western world strips meanings from symbols and uses them in a superficial way
