Mechanism of enzymes and lock and key hyp

• Define an enzyme

  -Biological catalyst
• What type of protein are enzymes

  -globular proteins that interact with substrate molecules causing them to react at much faster rates without the need for harsh environmental conditions
• what do enzymes catalyse

  -reactions that affect metabolism at a cellular and whole organism level

  -enzymes affect both structure and function
• What else do enzymes catalyse

  -intra and extracellular reactions
• which enzymes catalyses intracellular reactions

  -catalase
• which enzymes catalyses extracellular reactions

  -amylase
• enzymes can only inc rate of reaction up to a certain point called

  -Vmax
• Define the specificity of an enzyme

  -each enzyme catalyses one biochemical reaction
• What energy do enzymes lower

  -activation
• Describe the lock and key hypothesis starting with the definition of an active site

  -an area within the tertiary structure of an enzyme has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the specific substrate molecule
• substrate + active site

  -when substrate is bound to the active site of an enzyme substrate complex is formed
• what happens when substrates react

  -products are formed in an enzyme product complex
• what happens to the products after they form the enzyme substrate complex

  -products are released leaving the enzyme unchanged and able to take part in subsequent reactions
• how is the substrate held?

  -in such a way by the enzyme that the right atom groups are close enough to react
• what do the R-groups within the active site of the enzyme do?

  -interact with the substrate forming temporary bonds

  -these put a strain on the bonds within the substrate which also helps reaction to occur
• Define metabolism

  -sum of all the different reactions and reaction pathways happening in a cell or organisms
• Explain how catabolism and anabolism are related to metabolism

  -Catabolism is breaking down of molecules

  -anabolism is building of molecules

  -reactions involve breaking down and building of molecules and metabolism is sum of all reactions
• Explain the meaning of activation energy

  -energy required to start a reaction