Key concepts in Biology

• What is the function of the acrosome in a sperm cell?

  It contains enzymes that digest the egg.
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  A specific region where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place.
• What is active transport?

  It is the movement of substances from low to high concentration across a membrane using energy.
• What does Benedict's test detect?

  Reducing sugars.
• What color does the Biuret test produce when added to a protein solution?

  Purple.
• What is calorimetry used for?

  Measuring heat transfer during a chemical reaction.
• What are carbohydrases?

  Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
• What is a carbohydrate?

  A large molecule synthesized from simple sugars.
• What is a cell?

  The basic building block of all living organisms.
• What is the cell membrane?

  A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  It strengthens plant cells.
• What is the chloroplast?

  An organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.
• What is a chromosome?

  A long, coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information.
• What are cilia?

  Hair-like structures found on ciliated epithelial cells.
• What is a ciliated epithelial cell?

  A type of epithelial cell that lines the surface of structures such as the respiratory tract.