Set A

• Which component is NOT part of a biological control system?

  Stimulator
• What is homeostasis?

  Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
• What are the levels of organization in biology from smallest to largest?

  1. Organelle
  2. Cell
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organism
• Which are major control centers for homeostasis?

  Brain and Endocrine glands
• What triggers a response that restores normal conditions?

  A variation outside normal limits
• What happens when body temperature falls?

  Blood vessels in the skin constrict
• Which type of epithelium forms tubular structures like renal nephrons?

  Cuboidal epithelium
• What type of epithelium forms the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney?

  Simple Cuboidal epithelium
• What are the functions of the skeletal system?

  Support, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation
• Which physiological system includes skin, hair, and nails?

  Integumentary system
• What is the typical plasma concentration of Chloride [Cl-]?

  105 mmol/l
• What is the typical osmolarity range of plasma?

  275 - 300 mOsmmol/l
• What is the typical plasma concentration of Sodium [Na+]?

  140 mmol/l
• What is a main function of epithelial tissue?

  Covering of surfaces
• What part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen?

  Haemoglobin molecules of red blood cells
• What forms the lower side of the lung cavity?

  Diaphragm
• How do the lungs exchange gases with the environment?

  By diffusion
• Which is NOT a characteristic of the human respiratory system?

  It has a relatively high blood pressure
• What is the typical % OXYGEN content of expired air at rest?

  17%
• What is the typical % CARBONDIOXIDE content of atmospheric air?

  0.03%
• What is the typical % NITROGEN content of atmospheric air?

  79%
• What is the Partial pressure of Oxygen (PO2) in arterial blood?

  100 mmHg
• What is correct for resting breathing?

  Inspiration involves muscular contractions
• What does NOT increase the efficiency of O2 absorption by the lungs?

  Presence of mucous protein in alveolar secretions
• What represents the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration?

  Residual volume
• What volume is achieved by inhaling deeply and exhaling completely?

  Vital capacity
• What is the typical RESTING respiratory rate in adults?

  11 – 20 breathes per minute
• What would be reduced in an individual affected by asthma?

  Peak expiratory flow
• What does NOT affect lung capacity in humans?

  Respiratory rate
• What is a common obstructive respiratory disorder?

  Asthma
• How does salbutamol (Albuterol) work in asthma treatment?

  It is a B2 receptor agonist
• Which is NOT a characteristic of the human respiratory system?

  It has a relatively high blood pressure
• What best describes the Bohr shift?

  Additional O2 is released at lower pH