Demographic trends and the family

• What is the focus of demography?

  It studies births, deaths, and migration
• What does the term 'demographics' refer to?

  Population size, age structure, and migration
• How has the British family structure changed over the last 100 years?

  The nuclear family is no longer dominant
• What percentage of families fit the traditional nuclear family model in 1978?

  20%
• What characterizes the current family structure in the UK?

  It is characterized by diversity
• What demographic factors influence population change?

  Birth rate, death rate, and migration
• What was the population of the UK in 2004?

  59.9 million
• What are the projected population figures for the UK in 2023 and 2031?

  65 million in 2023 and 67 million in 2031
• What was the main reason for population growth in the UK until the late 1950s?

  Natural change
• What has become the main cause of population change since the 1980s?

  Net migration
• What was the death rate in the UK in 1902?

  18 per 1000
• What was the infant mortality rate in the UK in 1902?

  142 per 1000 live births
• What was the average life expectancy for men and women in the UK in 2012-13?

  79 for men and 83 for women
• What are some reasons for the changes in death rates and life expectancy?

  Improved healthcare and better living standards
• What is the impact of declining infant mortality on the population?

  Fewer young people die early in life
• What is the relationship between declining fertility and the ageing population?

  Fewer young people compared to older people
• What are some negative consequences of an ageing population?

  Increased dependency ratio and pension costs
• What are some positive consequences of an ageing population?

  Help with childcare and stronger family bonds
• What is ageism?

  Negative stereotyping based on age
• How is old age viewed in traditional societies?

  Old age is revered and respected
• What is the Griffiths Report (1988) about?

  It addresses care costs for the elderly
• What are some suggested solutions to the ageing population problem?

  Raise birth rate and increase retirement age
• What is the average life expectancy for British men and women as of 2019?

  79.9 years for men and 83.6 years for women
• What is the dependency ratio?

  Ratio of dependents to working-age population
• What is the impact of lower death rates on family structure?

  More time with grandparents and extended families
• What is the significance of the 'grey pound'?

  It generates wealth in the economy
• What is the average further life expectancy for an 85-year-old man in the UK?

  5.8 years
• What is the average further life expectancy for an 85-year-old woman in the UK?

  6.8 years
• What is the average age of the ageing population in the UK?

  The median age is rising significantly
• What is the impact of improved nutrition on life expectancy?

  It contributes to increased life expectancy
• What is the relationship between social policy and the ageing population?

  More policies are created for the elderly
• What is the impact of the Welfare State on population trends?

  It provides support for the elderly population
• What is the significance of the 'Life in the UK' test?

  It assesses knowledge of British culture
• What are some reasons people fail the UK citizenship test?

  Language barriers and lack of practice
• What is the average family size trend since 1900?

  It has been declining
• What is the fertility rate trend since 1900?

  It has been declining
• What is the birth rate trend since 1900?

  It has been declining
• What are the consequences of demographic changes on family structure?

  • Changes in family roles
  • Increased diversity in family types
  • Altered childhood experiences
  • Impact on social policies
• What are the reasons for the ageing population?

  • Increasing life expectancy
  • Declining infant mortality
  • Declining fertility rates
• What are the negative and positive consequences of an ageing population?

  Negative:

  • Dependency ratio issues
  • Increased isolation

  
  

  Positive:

  • Help with childcare
  • Stronger family bonds