Chapter 13 chem

• What is the course name for the chemistry program mentioned?

  OCR A Chemistry
• What is the website associated with the course?

  Kerboodle.com
• What type of reaction is electrophilic addition?

  Nucleophilic addition
• What charge does the electrophile have?


  Positively charged
• What happens to the carbon atom in the double bond during the reaction with bromine?

  It becomes positively charged
• What is the term for the positively charged carbon atom formed?

  Carbocation
• What are the two stages of the electrophilic addition reaction with bromine?

  1. Electrophilic attack by bromine
  2. Formation of a carbocation
• What type of bond fission occurs during the electrophilic attack?

  Heterolytic bond fission
• What occurs when one bromine atom forms a bond with the double bond?

  Electrophilic addition occurs
• What rule is applied to determine the products of electrophilic addition?

  Markownikoff's rule
• What does Markownikoff's rule state about the addition of electrophiles?

  Electrophile adds to the less hydrogenated carbon
• What is formed when a carbocation reacts with a halide ion?

  Major and minor products
• What type of carbocation is more stable?

  tertiary carbocation
• What is the outcome when propene reacts with hydrogen bromide?

  One major product is formed
• How does the stability of carbocations affect the rate of the reaction?

  More stable carbocations increase reaction rate
• What are the key concepts related to electrophilic addition to alkenes?

  • Mechanisms of electrophilic addition
  • Regioselectivity
  • Stereochemistry
• What is the specification reference for the electrophilic addition topic?

  4.1.3
• What is a study tip for understanding reaction mechanisms?

  Practice drawing reaction mechanisms
• What is the stability comparison between primary and secondary carbocations?

  Primary is less stable than secondary
• What is the significance of carbocation stability in electrophilic addition reactions?

  It determines the major and minor products
• What is the mechanism for the addition reaction of propene with hydrogen bromide?

  1. Formation of a carbocation intermediate
  2. Reaction of the carbocation with bromide ion
  3. Production of 2-bromopropane