Set B

• What does the right ventricle pump blood to?

  lungs
• What maintains the one-way flow of blood in veins?

  valves
• Which statement about blood pressure is NOT correct?

  Blood pressure in males is lower than in females at all ages
• Which blood vessels regulate peripheral resistance to blood flow?

  Arterioles
• Which component is NOT part of the heart's conduction system?

  Atrioventricular valve
• What is the delicate layer of cells lining blood vessels called?

  endothelium
• Which statement about blood vessel walls is FALSE?

  The lowest proportion of smooth muscle is in the arterioles
• How many times does the human heart beat approximately each day?

  100,000
• Which blood vessels generate the most peripheral resistance?

  Arterioles
• How does the time taken for diffusion relate to distance?

  Increases with the square of the distance
• Which electrical event is typically missing on an ECG trace?

  Atrial repolarisation
• Which substance decreases heart rate by acting on muscarinic receptors?

  Acetylcholine
• What is a characteristic of open circulatory systems?

  They are not found in humans
• What does the P wave of the ECG represent?

  Atria depolarize
• Where are the pacemaker cells of the heart located?

  SA node
• What is a typical number of Red Blood Cells formed per day?

  1 – 5 x 10^11
• What is a typical resting heart rate for a 20-year-old male?

  65 to 75 beats per minute
• How does the heart rate of healthy young adult males compare to females?

  Heart rate is 15 – 20 beats lower than in females
• What is NOT correct for your pulse rate?

  Your pulse rate measured in your neck is faster than in your wrist
• What does a sphygmomanometer measure?

  Pressure exerted by blood in an artery
• Which system regulates blood pressure?

  Autonomic nervous system
• What causes dizziness due to low blood pressure when standing up?

  Postural hypotension
• What term describes high blood pressure as a medical condition?

  Primary hypertension
• Which is NOT a risk factor for high blood pressure?

  Excess potassium in the diet
• What is NOT correct for adrenalin compared to nor-adrenalin at high doses?

  Ad has little effect on MAP whereas Nor-Ad increases MAP
• Which hormone acts on Beta-receptors to increase heart rate?

  Adrenalin
• What is the effect of increasing vagal tone?

  Slower heart rate
• Why do trained athletes have a lower resting heart rate?

  Increased vagal tone in the vagus nerve
• If the cardiac cycle length is 1000 milliseconds at 60 beats/min, what is it at 200 beats/min?

  $300 \text{ milliseconds}$
• What is the focus of the next question about cardiac muscle?

  Comparing cardiac muscle
• What is NOT a reason for a trained athlete having a lower resting heart rate?

  1. increased SA node pacemaker activity
• What happens to the cardiac cycle length when a 20-year-old male's heart rate increases from 60 to 200 beats per minute?

  The cardiac cycle length decreases to 300 milliseconds
• Which statement about cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle is NOT correct?

  1. pacemaker driven contraction occurs in both muscle types
• Which substance increases the rate and force of contraction of the human heart?

  1. adrenaline
• What is the most common route for the removal of drugs from the body?

  1. Urine
• What has been the most common cause of death since 1950?

  1. Circulatory (cardiovascular) diseases
• What term describes a drug that binds to a receptor but does NOT activate it?

  1. Antagonist
• What happens when a B-blocker binds to B-receptors in the heart?

  1. Heart rate and blood pressure will decrease
• What does ED50 represent in pharmacology?

  1. Drug dose for desired effect in half the population
• What is the most widely used method of absorbing prescription drugs?

  1. By mouth