transitions elements

• What defines transition metals?

  Incomplete d-subshell that can form at least one stable ions with an incomplete d subshell
• Why are scandium and zinc not considered transition metals?

  They do not form ions with an incomplete d-subshell
• What is the electron configuration of scandium ion?

  [Ar] 3d^0
• What is the electron configuration of zinc ion?

  [Ar] 3d^10
• Which elements are in the first transition series?

  Titanium to copper
• What is the full electronic configuration of the first d-series transition metals?

  • Follow Aufbau Principle
  • 4s fills before 3d
• What is the electron configuration of chromium?

  [Ar] 3d^5 4s^1
• What is the electron configuration of copper?

  [Ar] 3d^10 4s^1
• Why do chromium and copper have different electron configurations than expected?

  To achieve stable half-full and full d-subshells
• What are the common oxidation states of iron?

  Fe(II) and Fe(III)
• What are the general properties of transition elements?

  • Variable oxidation states
  • Form complex ions
  • Form coloured compounds
  • Behave as catalysts

  
• What does it mean for transition elements to have variable oxidation states?

  They can form more than one positive ion
• What is a complex ion?

  A central metal atom with surrounding ligands
• How does the oxidation state affect the ligands that can bond with transition elements?

  Different oxidation states allow various ligands
• What color is the [Cr(OH)6] complex ion?

  Dark green
• What color is the [Cr(NH3)6] complex ion?

  Purple
• How do transition elements act as catalysts?

  • Change oxidation states during reactions
  • Gain or donate electrons
  • Substances can adsorb and activate on their surface
• What is a heterogeneous catalyst?

  In a different phase from reactants
• Give an example of a heterogeneous catalyst.

  Iron in the Haber process
• What is a homogeneous catalyst?

  In the same phase as reactants
• What is a common reaction using a homogeneous catalyst?

  Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
• What is the catalyst used in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide?

  Manganese(IV) oxide
• What are the two types of catalysts?

  • Heterogeneous catalysts
  • Homogeneous catalysts