Eukaryotic Cells

• What are the two categories of living organisms?

  Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
• Which organisms are examples of eukaryotes?

  Animals, plants, and fungi
• What organisms are classified as prokaryotes?

  Bacteria and archaea
• What is a key feature of eukaryotic cells regarding DNA?

  DNA is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus
• What does "membrane-bound" mean in the context of the nucleus?

  Surrounded by a membrane
• What type of membrane does the nucleus have?

  Double membrane
• Which eukaryotic cells can lose their nucleus as they develop?

  Red blood cells in humans
• Why is having DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus important for eukaryotic cells?

  It is a key feature of eukaryotic cells
• How is eukaryotic DNA structured around proteins?

  It is tightly wrapped around histones
• What do DNA and histone proteins form together?

  Chromosomes
• What does tightly coiling DNA into chromosomes allow eukaryotic cells to do?

  Pack a great deal of DNA into the nucleus
• What is the structure of eukaryotic DNA?

  It is a linear molecule
• What does "linear" mean in the context of DNA structure?

  Ends are not joined to form a loop
• What type of organelles do eukaryotic cells contain?

  Membrane-bound organelles
• Name three examples of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells.

  Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum
• What additional membrane-bound organelles are found in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts and vacuoles
• What is another key feature of eukaryotic cells besides having a nucleus?

  Presence of membrane-bound organelles
• What type of organelles are ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

  Not membrane-bound organelles
• How do ribosomes in eukaryotic cells compare to those in prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger
• What does the letter "S" represent in "80S ribosomes"?

  A unit showing movement speed in centrifuge
• What surrounds eukaryotic cells?

  A cell surface membrane
• What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

  Controls molecules passing in and out
• What surrounds the cell membrane in plant and fungal cells?

  A cell wall
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant and fungal cells?

  Helps maintain cell structure
• What is the composition of the plant cell wall?

  Polysaccharide cellulose
• What is the composition of the fungal cell wall?

  Polysaccharide chitin
• Do animal cells have a cell wall?

  No, they do not
• What are the key features of eukaryotic cells?

  • Membrane-bound nucleus
  • DNA tightly wrapped around histones
  • Linear DNA structure
  • Presence of membrane-bound organelles
  • Larger ribosomes (80S)
  • Cell surface membrane
  • Cell wall in plants and fungi
• What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells:

  • Membrane-bound nucleus
  • Larger ribosomes (80S)
  • Membrane-bound organelles

  
  

  Prokaryotic cells:

  • No membrane-bound nucleus
  • Smaller ribosomes (70S)
  • No membrane-bound organelles