Effects of exercise

• Why is a constant supply of energy necessary for the body?

  It is necessary for performing everyday tasks such as tissue repair and body growth.
• How does the body convert energy from food during exercise?

  The body converts energy from food into energy for muscle contractions to produce movements.
• What factors influence how energy is produced during physical activity?

  The intensity and duration of the activity play an important role in energy production.
• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenine triphosphate.
• Why is ATP important in the body?

  ATP is the only usable form of chemical energy in the body for muscle contractions.
• What are the components of ATP?

  ATP consists of one adenine and three phosphates.
• What role do enzymes play in the breakdown of ATP?

  Enzymes are used to break down ATP into adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate.
• What happens when ATP is broken down?

  Energy is released when ATP is broken down.
• How is ATP resynthesized in the body?

  ATP is resynthesized by converting adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate back into ATP.
• What are the three Energy Systems in the body?

  • Aerobic System
  • ATP-PC System
  • Anaerobic Glycolic System
• What type of activities does the Aerobic System support?

  The Aerobic System is used for aerobic activities that involve air.
• What is the ATP-PC System used for?

  The ATP-PC System is used for high-intensity sprinting events or power events lasting about 12 seconds.
• What is the role of the Anaerobic Glycolic System?

  The Anaerobic Glycolic System fills the gaps between energy systems and is sometimes referred to as the lactic acid system.
• How does exercise intensity affect energy system reliance?

  The higher the intensity of the activity, the more an individual relies on anaerobic energy production.
• What is the ATP-PC System's fuel source?

  The ATP-PC System uses phosphocreatine as its fuel source.
• How long can the ATP-PC System provide energy?

  The ATP-PC System can provide energy for roughly 5 to 8 seconds.
• What happens to phosphocreatine stores during high-intensity exercise?

  Phosphocreatine stores are limited and can run out quickly during high-intensity exercise.
• How does the body respond when phosphocreatine stores are depleted?

  The body switches to a slower method of producing energy when phosphocreatine stores are depleted.
• What triggers the breakdown of phosphocreatine in the ATP-PC System?

  The enzyme creatine kinase detects high levels of ADP and triggers the breakdown of phosphocreatine.
• What is the efficiency of the ATP-PC System in terms of ATP production?

  For every molecule of phosphocreatine broken down, one molecule of ATP is produced, making it not very efficient.
• What is a key advantage of the ATP-PC System?

  The ATP-PC System does not produce fatiguing byproducts, which helps delay the onset of the anaerobic glycolic system.
• How can the duration of the ATP-PC System be extended?

  The duration can be extended through the use of creatine supplements.
• What is a disadvantage of the ATP-PC System?

  There is only a limited supply of phosphocreatine in muscle cells, lasting roughly 10 seconds.
• When can phosphocreatine resynthesis occur?

  Phosphocreatine resynthesis can only take place in the presence of oxygen when exercise intensity is reduced.
• What does the anaerobic glycolic system provide energy for?

  The anaerobic glycolic system provides energy for high-intensity activity for longer than the ATP-PC system.
• What factors affect how long the anaerobic glycolic system lasts?

  The duration of the anaerobic glycolic system depends on the fitness of the individual and the intensity of exercise.
• How does an elite athlete's performance change during a 400m sprint?

  An elite athlete can run 400m in under 45 seconds but cannot maintain the same pace immediately after.
• What is the primary fuel source for the anaerobic glycolic system?

  The primary fuel source for the anaerobic glycolic system is glucose, supplied from the digestion of carbohydrates.
• What is the process of anaerobic glycolysis?

  Anaerobic glycolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which is then converted into lactic acid.
• What is produced during anaerobic glycolysis?

  Two molecules of ATP are produced for one molecule of glucose broken down.
• What happens to pyruvic acid during anaerobic glycolysis?

  Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase during anaerobic glycolysis.
• What are the disadvantages of the anaerobic glycolic system?

  The accumulation of lactic acid reduces the efficiency of the system and less energy can be produced.
• How can lactic acid be managed in the body?

  Lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen or used as fuel through oxidation into carbon dioxide and water.
• What is a disadvantage of lactic acid accumulation in the body during anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid accumulation neutralizes enzymes, reducing the rate of chemical reactions.
• How does the buildup of lactic acid affect energy production?

  It reduces the efficiency of the system, leading to less energy production.
• How many ATP molecules are produced under anaerobic conditions from glycogen?

  Only two ATP molecules are produced.
• What is the ATP-PC system and how long does it last?

  The ATP-PC system lasts only a few seconds and produces one ATP.
• What is the efficiency of the aerobic system compared to anaerobic conditions?

  The aerobic system can resynthesize ATP from about 5% to almost 95% efficiency.
• What are the key points about glycolysis?

  • Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
  • Produces two molecules of ATP
  • Converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid during intense exercise
• When is the aerobic system preferred for energy production?

  The aerobic system is preferred when exercise intensity is low and oxygen supply is high, such as during jogging.