The Northern Rebellion

• Why were the Northern nobles unhappy?

  They had multiple grievances against Elizabeth.
• What did many Northern nobles want regarding religion?

  They wanted the restoration of Catholicism.
• Who did the Northern nobles hope could replace Elizabeth?

  Mary, Queen of Scots.
• What action did Elizabeth take against the Earl of Northumberland?

  She confiscated large areas of his land.
• How did Elizabeth's land confiscation affect Northumberland?

  It increased rivalry and resentment among nobles.
• What profits did Elizabeth claim from Northumberland's estates?

  Profits from copper mines.
• How did Elizabeth increase her control in the north?

  By reducing the power of northern nobles.
• What was the role of the Council of the North under Elizabeth?

  To help govern the northern region.
• Who controlled the Council of the North during Elizabeth's reign?

  Southern Protestants.
• What was the Northern nobles' sentiment towards Elizabeth's advisors?

  They blamed them for unfavorable policies.
• Who was specifically mentioned as a powerful Privy Councillor?

  William Cecil.
• What did the Northern nobles want to do with Elizabeth's advisors?

  Remove them and replace with sympathetic men.
• What were the main grievances of the Northern nobles against Elizabeth?

  • Desire for restoration of Catholicism
  • Confiscation of lands from Northumberland
  • Control of the Council of the North by southern Protestants
  • Influence of powerful advisors like William Cecil
• When did the Northern rebellion break out?

  November 1569
• What was the Duke of Norfolk's plan in 1569?

  To marry Mary, Queen of Scots, and recognize her as heir
• Who supported the Duke of Norfolk's plan?

  Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
• Why did Catholic nobles support the Duke of Norfolk's plan?

  It meant a Catholic queen would succeed Elizabeth
• What motivated the Earls to rebel against Elizabeth?

  Fear of execution for their involvement in the plan
• What significant action did the Earls take in November 1569?

  They captured Durham and celebrated Catholic Mass
• Where did the Earls march after capturing Durham?

  They marched south, probably to Tutbury
• What was Mary, Queen of Scots' situation during the rebellion?

  She was imprisoned in Tutbury
• What happened before the rebels reached Tutbury?

  A large royal army forced them to retreat
• What was the outcome for the two Earls after the rebellion?

  Westmorland fled abroad, Northumberland was executed
• What was the fate of the rebel troops after the rebellion?

  At least 400 rebel troops were executed
• Who were the main leaders of the Northern rebellion?

  The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland
• What was the significance of the Earls capturing Durham?

  It allowed them to celebrate Catholic Mass publicly
• What was the most serious rebellion of Elizabeth's reign?

  The Northern Rebellion
• Why was the Northern Rebellion a threat to Elizabeth's rule?

  It showed the danger Mary, Queen of Scots posed
• How did the Northern Rebellion affect English Protestants' views on Catholics?

  It created widespread fear and anti-Catholic feelings
• What historical event fueled anti-Catholic feelings during the Northern Rebellion?

  The harsh persecution of Protestants by Queen Mary I
• What was the general stance of the Catholic nobility and ordinary people towards the revolt?

  They largely supported Elizabeth over the revolt
• When was the last time English Catholics attempted to remove Elizabeth by force?

  1569-70
• What were the outcomes of the Northern Rebellion for the northern nobles and government control?

  • Increased government control in the north
  • Confiscation of lands from many rebels
  • Strengthening of the Council of the North
  • Leadership under Puritan Henry Hastings
• What was the purpose of the Northern Rebellion for the northern nobles?

  To protect their long-standing independence