War with Spain

• What were the three types of tensions with Spain?

  Political, religious, and economic tensions
• Who was King Philip II of Spain married to?

  Queen Mary I of England
• What was the relationship between Elizabeth and Philip II?

  They tried to maintain good relations
• Why did tensions between England and Spain grow?

  England sought to establish its own empire
• What territories did Philip II rule in Europe?

  Spain, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, Portugal
• What was Philip II's religious affiliation?

  He was a devout Catholic
• What did Philip II think of Elizabeth's religious settlement?

  He disliked it
• How did Philip II's involvement in Catholic plots affect Elizabeth?

  It damaged her trust in him
• What did Elizabeth encourage privateers to do?

  Trade illegally and raid Spanish ships
• Who commanded the English fleet that traded with Spanish colonies in the 1560s?

  John Hawkins
• What event did the English fleet's trading lead to in 1568?

  The Battle of San Juan de Ulua
• What did Francis Drake do during his round-the-world voyage?

  Raided many Spanish colonies in South America
• What were the main factors contributing to tensions between England and Spain?

  • Political ambitions for empire
  • Religious differences (Catholic vs Protestant)
  • Economic competition (privateering and illegal trade)
• What event led to the war between England and Spain?

  War over the Netherlands
• When did Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declare independence from Spain?

  1581
• Who was the rebel leader assassinated in 1584?

  William the Silent
• What was the consequence of William the Silent's assassination for the revolt?

  The revolt was in danger of being defeated
• What did Elizabeth I decide to do in response to the situation in the Netherlands?

  Help the rebels
• What treaty did Elizabeth sign in 1585 to assist the rebels?

  Treaty of Nonsuch
• What did the Treaty of Nonsuch promise?

  Military assistance to the rebels
• What factors influenced Elizabeth's decision to help the Dutch rebels?

  • Religious: Protect Dutch Protestantism
  • Economic: Ensure access to Dutch ports
  • Military: Prevent invasion of England
• Why did Elizabeth want to protect Dutch Protestantism?

  To prevent Philip from forcing Catholicism
• How were English exports related to the Dutch ports?

  Vital for the English economy
• Which Dutch port was especially important for English goods?

  Antwerp
• What military concern did Elizabeth have regarding the rebels' defeat?

  Philip might invade England
• How did Philip II react to the Treaty of Nonsuch?

  He saw it as a declaration of war
• What did Philip II begin to build in response to the Treaty of Nonsuch?

  A huge fleet (Armada)
• What was Philip II's plan for the Armada he built?

  To invade England