Cell structure

• What sub-cellular structures do eukaryotic cells have?

  • A cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
• What sub-cellular structures do prokaryotic cells have?

  • Cytoplasm
  • A cell membrane
  • A cell wall surrounding the membrane
  • A single DNA loop
  • Possibly on or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
• Prokaryotic cells are much smaller in comparison to eukaryotic cells
• What are two examples of eukaryotic cells?

  • A plant cell
  • An animal cell
• What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

  Bacterial cells
• What sub-cellular structures do most animal cells contain?

  • A nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm
  • A cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
• What sub-cellular structures do plant cells have?

  • Everything an animal cell has
  • Chloroplasts
  • A permanent vacuole
  • A cell wall
• What is the role of the nucleus?

  Contains the genetic information for the cell and controls all cell functions
• What is the role of the cytoplasm?

  A gel-like substance which is where all the chemical reactions take place
• What is the role of the cell membrane?

  Controls what enters and exits the cell
• What is the role of the mitochondria?

  Where aerobic respiration takes place which in turn produces energy for the cell
• What is the role of ribosomes?

  Where protein-synthesis takes place
• What is the role of the chloroplasts?

  Contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for energy for photosynthesis
• What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

  Contains cell sap - a weak mixture of sugar and salt
• What is the role of the cell wall?

  Provides structure and support for the cell
• What is the cell wall made of in plant and algal cells?

  Cellulose
• The cell wall in a bacterial cell is not made of cellulose like it is in plant and algal cells
• Why do cells specialise?

  In order to perform a specific function
• What are 3 examples of specialised cells in animals?

  • Nerve cells
  • Sperm cells
  • Muscle cells
• What are 3 examples of specialised cells in plants?

  • Root hair cells
  • Xylem cells
  • Phloem cells
• How are nerve cells adapted to perform their function?

  • They have a long axon which allows quick movement of electrical signals at long distances
  • Many branches (dendrites) to connect to alot of nerve cells