caregiver-infant interactions

• What are the two kinds of interaction in early interactions?

  Reciprocity and interactional synchrony
• How are the quality of early interactions related to attachment development?

  Quality is associated with successful attachment development
• What is reciprocity in the context of early interactions?

  Taking turns to respond in interactions
• How does reciprocity manifest between a baby and caregiver?

  Caregiver responds to baby's smile, baby responds with sounds
• What percentage of the time do mothers successfully respond to their babies?

  About two-thirds of the time
• How does the role of babies in interactions differ from traditional views?

  Babies are active participants, not passive receivers
• What is interactional synchrony?

  Simultaneous imitation of actions between individuals
• What is the formal definition of interactional synchrony?

  "Temporal co-ordination of micro-level social behaviour"
• At what age did Meltzoff and Moore observe interactional synchrony in babies?

  As young as two weeks old
• What did Meltzoff and Moore do in their study on interactional synchrony?

  Displayed facial expressions and gestures to babies
• What was the outcome of Meltzoff and Moore's study regarding babies' responses?

  Babies' responses mirrored adults more than chance
• What did Isabella et al. (1989) assess in their study?

  Degree of synchrony and quality of attachment
• What was found regarding synchrony and mother-baby attachment quality?

  High synchrony levels were linked to better attachment quality
• What are alert phases in the context of interactions?

  Times for interaction between baby and caregiver
• How does emotional intensity relate to mother-baby attachment?

  Higher synchrony leads to greater emotional intensity