Active Transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient
• What is the role of carrier proteins in active transport?

  They help move molecules across membranes
• How does active transport differ from facilitated diffusion?

  Active transport moves solutes from low to high concentration
• What is a common energy source for active transport?

  ATP
• What happens to ATP during active transport?

  It undergoes hydrolysis to release energy
• What is the process of co-transport?

  Using one molecule's gradient to move another
• How do sodium ions assist in glucose absorption?

  Sodium ions create a gradient for glucose transport
• What is the sequence of glucose absorption in the ileum?

  Sodium ions are transported, then glucose follows
• What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in active transport?

  It actively transports sodium ions out of cells
• What happens to glucose after it enters the epithelial cell?

  It diffuses into the blood through a protein channel
• What factors affect the rate of active transport?

  Speed and number of carrier proteins, ATP availability
• What are the main differences between diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?

  • Diffusion: High to low concentration, passive.
  • Facilitated diffusion: High to low concentration, uses carrier/channel proteins, passive.
  • Osmosis: Movement of water, high to low water potential, passive.
  • Active transport: Low to high concentration, uses carrier proteins, requires energy.
• What is the net movement direction in diffusion?

  From higher to lower concentration
• What type of process is osmosis?

  Passive process
• Why is ATP important for active transport?

  It provides the energy needed for transport
• How does the concentration gradient affect active transport?

  It does not affect the rate of active transport
• What is the role of co-transporters?

  They bind two molecules at a time
• What is the significance of the microvilli in the ileum?

  They increase surface area for absorption
• What is the effect of inhibited respiration on active transport?

  Active transport cannot take place
• What is the importance of understanding co-transporters and pumps?

  They are crucial for glucose absorption processes