Holderness

• What is Flamborough Head primarily made of?

  Resistant chalk
• How do wave cut platforms contribute to beach formation at Flamborough Head?

  They create a low energy environment that allows sediment to be carried south.
• How much have the Holderness cliffs retreated since Roman times?

  Over 5 km
• What causes the Holderness cliffs to become unstable?

  Water saturation in the clay causes it to move towards the sea.
• What type of sediment is Spurn Head made from?

  Boulder clay
• What is happening to the salt marsh behind Spurn Head?

  It is increasing in size every year due to fluvial sediment discharge.
• What coastal management strategy is used in Hornsea?

  Groynes
• What is the cost of the groynes used in Hornsea?

  £5.2 million
• What is one advantage of using groynes in Hornsea?

  They are low cost and very effective locally.
• What is a disadvantage of using groynes in Hornsea?

  They cause disruption of sediment further down the coastline.
• What coastal management strategy was implemented in Withernsea?

  Rock armour
• What is the cost of the rock armour used in Withernsea?

  £6.2 million
• What is one advantage of using rock armour in Withernsea?

  It will hold the line and calm residents' concerns.
• What is a disadvantage of the rock armour management in Withernsea?

  Costs have limited the length of the management.
• What coastal management strategies have been placed at Easington?

  Revetment and rock armour
• Why were revetment and rock armour placed at Easington?

  To protect the gas terminal that handles 25% of North Sea production.
• What approach has been adopted at Spurn Head?

  Do nothing approach
• What is one advantage of the do nothing approach at Spurn Head?

  It reduces any ongoing costs.
• What is a disadvantage of the do nothing approach at Spurn Head?

  There is a risk of breaching at Spurn Head, leading to loss of salt marshes.