right realism

• What do realists believe about crime?

  Crime is a real problem needing action
• What are the main concerns of both right and left realists regarding crime?

  • Significant rise in crime rates
  • Widespread fear of crime
  • Impact on victims
  • Other theories fail to provide solutions
• How do right realists view crime?

  As a real and growing problem
• What historical views do right realists connect to?

  Neo-conservative views of the 70s/80s
• What do right realists prioritize regarding crime?

  Control of crime and punishment of offenders
• What are the biological differences related to crime according to right realists?

  • Crime caused by biological and social factors
  • Some individuals predisposed to crime
  • Traits include aggression, extroversion, low impulse control
  • Herrnstein and Murray's argument on intelligence
• What does the biosocial theory suggest about crime?

  Crime is caused by biological and social factors
• What personality traits are linked to a predisposition for crime?

  Aggressive, extroverted, low impulse control
• Who argued that lower intelligence correlates with crime?

  Herrnstein and Murray
• How does effective socialization impact crime rates?

  It decreases the likelihood of committing crime
• What do right realists consider the best agent for socialization?

  The nuclear family
• What does Murray argue about the underclass and crime?

  It leads to improper socialization of children
• What is the role of the father figure in socialization according to right realists?

  Provides discipline in the home
• What is rational choice theory in relation to crime?

  • Assumes free will and reasoning
  • Decision to commit crime is rational
  • Based on calculation of benefits vs. consequences
  • Increased crime due to low perceived consequences
• What does Clarke argue about the decision to commit crime?

  It is based on rational calculation
• Why do right realists believe crime rates are increasing?

  Perceived consequences of crime are low
• What are some criticisms of right realism?

  • Ignores wider causes like poverty
  • Contradicts itself on free will vs. biology
  • Explains utilitarian crime but not impulsive crime
• What is the zero tolerance policy (ZTP) in crime prevention?

  • Focuses on controlling crime, not causes
  • Aims to decrease rewards and increase costs of offending
  • Advocated by Wilson and Kelling
• What do Wilson and Kelling argue about crime prevention?

  It should focus on zero tolerance policing
• What is a criticism of zero tolerance policing according to Young?

  Its success is considered a myth
• What evidence does Young provide regarding zero tolerance policing in New York?

  Crime rate was already reducing before ZTP
• What is a limitation of zero tolerance policing?

  It focuses on low-level petty crime
• What is a potential negative outcome of zero tolerance policing?

  It gives police free reign to discriminate
• What does zero tolerance policing overemphasize?

  Control of disorder
• What is a consequence of zero tolerance policing regarding crime displacement?

  It displaces crime rather than reducing it