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Digestion
Digestive enzymes
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Created by
Agatha Steed
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Cards (47)
What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on enzymes in the digestive system?
You should be able to describe the enzymes in the digestive system and the role of
bile
.
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What is the function of enzymes in the digestive system?
Enzymes
catalyze
chemical reactions, speeding up the digestion of food.
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What are enzymes made of?
Enzymes are large
protein molecules
.
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
The active site is a groove on the enzyme's surface where the
substrate
attaches.
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What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?
A
substrate
is the
molecule
that the
enzyme
breaks
down.
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What does the lock and key theory describe?
The lock and key theory describes how specific substrates fit perfectly into the
active site
of
enzymes
.
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What type of enzymes break down proteins?
Proteases
break down proteins.
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Where are proteases found in the digestive system?
Proteases are found in the
stomach
and
pancreatic
fluid in the small intestine.
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What are proteins made of?
Proteins are long chains of
chemicals
called
amino acids
.
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What happens to proteins during digestion?
Protease
enzymes convert proteins back to individual
amino acids
, which are absorbed into the
bloodstream
.
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What happens to amino acids after they are absorbed by the body cells?
Amino acids join together in a
different
order to make human proteins.
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What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates like starch?
Carbohydrases
break down carbohydrates.
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What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?
The specific enzyme that breaks down starch is called
amylase
.
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Where is amylase found in the digestive system?
Amylase is found in
saliva
and
pancreatic
fluid.
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What is the structure of a lipid molecule?
A lipid molecule consists of a molecule of
glycerol
attached to three molecules of
fatty acids
.
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What enzyme digests lipids?
Lipase
digests lipids.
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What are the products of lipid digestion?
Lipid digestion produces
glycerol
and
fatty acids
.
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Where is lipase found in the digestive system?
Lipase is found in
pancreatic
fluid and the
small intestine
.
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What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?
Bile helps to speed up the digestion of lipids but is not an
enzyme
.
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What does bile do to large lipid droplets?
Bile
emulsifies
large lipid droplets into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for
digestion
.
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How does bile affect the rate of lipid breakdown by lipase?
Bile increases the rate of lipid breakdown by lipase by increasing the
surface area
of lipid droplets.
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What is the pH nature of bile and its effect on stomach acids?
Bile is
alkaline
and neutralizes stomach acids, creating alkaline conditions in the
small intestine
.
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How does the alkaline nature of bile affect lipid digestion?
The alkaline nature of bile increases the rate of lipid digestion by
lipase
in the
small intestine
.
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Where can students find questions on enzymes in the digestive system?
Students can find questions in the
vision workbook
linked in the video.
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What are the main enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids?
Proteases
: break down proteins into
amino acids
Amylase: breaks down carbohydrates (like starch) into simple sugars
Lipase: breaks down
lipids
into
glycerol
and fatty acids
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What are the functions of bile in lipid digestion?
Emulsifies large lipid droplets into smaller droplets
Increases the surface area for
lipase
action
Neutralizes stomach acids to create alkaline conditions in the small intestine
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What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
They help break down
large molecules
.
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How does bile assist in digestion?
By neutralizing
acids
and
emulsifying
fats
.
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What are the three main groups of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
,
proteins
, and fats.
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What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase
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What products do carbohydrates break down into?
Smaller sugars such as
maltose
.
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Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands
,
pancreas
,
small intestine
.
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What enzyme breaks down proteins?
Protease
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What do proteases break proteins down into?
Amino acids
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Where are proteases produced?
Stomach
,
pancreas
,
small intestine
.
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What are fats also called?
Lipids
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What enzyme breaks down fats?
Lipase
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What products do lipases break fats down into?
Glycerol
and
fatty acids
.
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Where are lipases produced?
Pancreas
and
small intestine
.
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How can you remember where digestive enzymes are made?
Amylase
:
pancreas
,
small intestine
,
salivary glands
Proteases
: pancreas, small intestine,
stomach
Lipases
: pancreas, small intestine
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