Digestive enzymes

    Cards (47)

    • What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on enzymes in the digestive system?
      You should be able to describe the enzymes in the digestive system and the role of bile.
    • What is the function of enzymes in the digestive system?
      Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, speeding up the digestion of food.
    • What are enzymes made of?
      Enzymes are large protein molecules.
    • What is the active site of an enzyme?
      The active site is a groove on the enzyme's surface where the substrate attaches.
    • What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?
      A substrate is the molecule that the enzyme breaks down.
    • What does the lock and key theory describe?
      The lock and key theory describes how specific substrates fit perfectly into the active site of enzymes.
    • What type of enzymes break down proteins?
      Proteases break down proteins.
    • Where are proteases found in the digestive system?
      Proteases are found in the stomach and pancreatic fluid in the small intestine.
    • What are proteins made of?
      Proteins are long chains of chemicals called amino acids.
    • What happens to proteins during digestion?
      Protease enzymes convert proteins back to individual amino acids, which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
    • What happens to amino acids after they are absorbed by the body cells?
      Amino acids join together in a different order to make human proteins.
    • What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates like starch?
      Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates.
    • What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?
      The specific enzyme that breaks down starch is called amylase.
    • Where is amylase found in the digestive system?
      Amylase is found in saliva and pancreatic fluid.
    • What is the structure of a lipid molecule?
      A lipid molecule consists of a molecule of glycerol attached to three molecules of fatty acids.
    • What enzyme digests lipids?
      Lipase digests lipids.
    • What are the products of lipid digestion?
      Lipid digestion produces glycerol and fatty acids.
    • Where is lipase found in the digestive system?
      Lipase is found in pancreatic fluid and the small intestine.
    • What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?
      Bile helps to speed up the digestion of lipids but is not an enzyme.
    • What does bile do to large lipid droplets?
      Bile emulsifies large lipid droplets into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for digestion.
    • How does bile affect the rate of lipid breakdown by lipase?
      Bile increases the rate of lipid breakdown by lipase by increasing the surface area of lipid droplets.
    • What is the pH nature of bile and its effect on stomach acids?
      Bile is alkaline and neutralizes stomach acids, creating alkaline conditions in the small intestine.
    • How does the alkaline nature of bile affect lipid digestion?
      The alkaline nature of bile increases the rate of lipid digestion by lipase in the small intestine.
    • Where can students find questions on enzymes in the digestive system?
      Students can find questions in the vision workbook linked in the video.
    • What are the main enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids?
      • Proteases: break down proteins into amino acids
      • Amylase: breaks down carbohydrates (like starch) into simple sugars
      • Lipase: breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
    • What are the functions of bile in lipid digestion?
      • Emulsifies large lipid droplets into smaller droplets
      • Increases the surface area for lipase action
      • Neutralizes stomach acids to create alkaline conditions in the small intestine
    • What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
      They help break down large molecules.
    • How does bile assist in digestion?
      By neutralizing acids and emulsifying fats.
    • What are the three main groups of nutrients?
      Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
    • What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
      Amylase
    • What products do carbohydrates break down into?
      Smaller sugars such as maltose.
    • Where is amylase produced?
      Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine.
    • What enzyme breaks down proteins?
      Protease
    • What do proteases break proteins down into?
      Amino acids
    • Where are proteases produced?
      Stomach, pancreas, small intestine.
    • What are fats also called?
      Lipids
    • What enzyme breaks down fats?
      Lipase
    • What products do lipases break fats down into?
      Glycerol and fatty acids.
    • Where are lipases produced?
      Pancreas and small intestine.
    • How can you remember where digestive enzymes are made?
      • Amylase: pancreas, small intestine, salivary glands
      • Proteases: pancreas, small intestine, stomach
      • Lipases: pancreas, small intestine