Allery chemistry how fast

• What is one method to measure the rate of reaction mentioned?

  Change in pH
• Why is measuring pH useful in reactions?

  It indicates H+ ion consumption
• How can mass loss be measured in a reaction?

  Using a top pan balance
• What happens to the mass of the beaker during a gas-producing reaction?

  The mass decreases as gas escapes
• What calculations can be used to determine the number of moles of gas produced?

  Mole calculations
• What is an alternative to measuring mass loss in gas-producing reactions?

  Measuring the volume of gas produced
• What instrument can be used to measure gas volume over time?

  Gas syringe
• What should be ensured when setting up a gas syringe?

  It is not overloaded with gas
• What is the ideal gas equation used for?

  Calculating moles of gas produced
• What is a colorimeter used for?

  Measuring light absorbance in colored samples
• How does the concentration of a colored sample affect light absorbance?

  Higher concentration absorbs more light
• What is the common reaction mentioned for using a colorimeter?

  Between propanone and iodine
• What color does iodine produce in solution?

  Brown color
• What happens to the color of iodine as it reacts with propanone?

  The brown color fades to colorless
• What is a calibration curve used for?

  To measure unknown concentrations
• How is absorbance related to concentration in a calibration curve?

  Absorbance increases with concentration
• What is the purpose of plotting results on a graph when monitoring reaction rates?

  To visualize the progress of the reaction
• What does the gradient of a graph represent in the context of reaction rates?

  Rate of reaction
• What is the formula for calculating the gradient of a graph?

  Change in Y over change in X
• What should be avoided when drawing graphs for better accuracy?

  Squashing the graph into a small area
• How can the gradient be calculated from a curved graph?

  By drawing a tangent at a point
• What is the initial rate of reaction?

  The rate at the start of the reaction
• How is the initial rate determined from a graph?

  Using the gradient of the tangent at zero minutes
• What is the initial rate of a reaction?

  The rate at the start of the reaction
• How is the initial rate determined?

  Using the gradient of a tangent
• At what time is the tangent taken for the initial rate?

  At zero minutes
• What does the gradient represent in the context of initial rate?

  The change in Y over the change in X
• What is the approximate gradient value given in the example?

  1.7 grams per minute
• What are clock experiments used for in chemistry?

  • To measure the time for a reaction to occur
  • Simplifies the initial rate method
  • Often visually engaging and colorful
• What is a clock reaction?

  A reaction that indicates time taken
• How is the endpoint of a clock reaction determined?

  By observing a color change
• What happens in the disappearing cross experiment?

  The cross becomes invisible due to color change
• What is the significance of the endpoint in a reaction?

  It indicates when to stop timing
• What assumptions are made in clock reactions?

  Temperature remains constant, concentrations stable
• Why is it important to maintain constant temperature in reactions?

  To ensure consistent reaction rates
• What does it mean if a reaction is zero order?

  No effect on the rate from concentration changes
• What does first order mean in a reaction?

  Rate changes proportionally with concentration
• What does second order indicate in a reaction?

  Rate changes with the square of concentration
• How does the rate constant (K) relate to temperature?

  K increases as temperature increases
• What is the role of the rate equation?

  Links rate with concentrations of substances