aromatic compounds

    Cards (89)

    • Who is the presenter of the video on aromatic compounds?
      Chris Harris
    • What is the main focus of the video?
      To review OCR A aromatic compounds
    • For which exam board is the video specifically designed?
      OCR A
    • What is the purpose of the video for students?
      To review content or learn new material
    • Are the videos available for free?
      Yes, they are completely free
    • What does the presenter ask viewers to do to show support?
      Subscribe to the channel
    • What can viewers purchase related to the video content?
      A private copy of the slides
    • Why is exam technique important according to the presenter?
      It helps in answering exam questions effectively
    • What specific content does the video cover regarding benzene?
      Benzene electrophilic substitution
    • What is the molecular formula of benzene?
      C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
    • How are the carbon atoms in benzene bonded?
      Each carbon is bonded to two other carbons
    • What is the bond length of carbon-carbon bonds in benzene?
      139 picometers
    • Why do all carbon-carbon bonds in benzene have the same length?
      Due to delocalized electrons
    • How does the stability of benzene compare to cyclohexene?
      Benzene is more stable than cyclohexene
    • What is the enthalpy change of hydrogenation for cyclohexene?
      -120 kilojoules per mole
    • What would be the expected enthalpy change of hydrogenation for benzene if it had three double bonds?
      -360 kilojoules per mole
    • What is the actual enthalpy change of hydrogenation for benzene?
      -208 kilojoules per mole
    • What does a lower enthalpy value indicate about benzene's stability?
      Benzene is more stable than expected
    • What is a 'wings' in chemistry?
      A substance with a benzene ring
    • How are substituents named on a benzene ring?
      By numbering the carbons to give lowest numbers
    • What is phenol?
      A benzene ring with an -OH group
    • What is the reaction type when bromine is added to an alkene?
      Electrophilic addition
    • What happens to bromine water when added to an alkene?
      It changes color from brown to colorless
    • What is an electrophile?
      An electron-loving species
    • What does the presence of a double bond in alkenes indicate?
      High electron density
    • How does bromine behave when approaching a double bond?
      It becomes polarized due to electron repulsion
    • What happens to electrons in a double bond when bromine approaches?
      They move to one side of the molecule
    • What is the role of bromine in the reaction described?
      Bromine acts as the electrophile
    • What is an electrophile?
      An electron-loving species that attacks electron-rich areas
    • What does bromine add to in the reaction?
      It adds to the alkene
    • How does bromine become polarized when approaching a double bond?
      Electrons in the double bond repel and shift
    • What happens to the bromine-bromine bond during the reaction?
      The bromine-bromine bond breaks
    • What type of intermediate is formed after bromine adds to the alkene?
      A carbocation intermediate is formed
    • What ion is produced when the bromine-bromine bond breaks?
      A BR minus ion is produced
    • What is the result of the reaction between the carbocation and BR minus?
      A colorless compound is formed
    • What is the difference between electrophilic addition and electrophilic substitution reactions?
      • Electrophilic addition: Electrophile adds to a double bond
      • Electrophilic substitution: Electrophile replaces a hydrogen in a stable ring
    • What type of reaction do alkenes undergo?
      Electrophilic addition reactions
    • Why do benzene rings undergo electrophilic substitution instead of addition?
      To maintain stability of the delocalized electrons
    • What are the two mechanisms for electrophilic substitution in benzene?
      Friedel-Crafts acylation and nitration
    • What is the role of the halogen carrier in Friedel-Crafts acylation?
      It produces a stronger electrophile
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