Types of culture

• Children raised in a high culture have greater advantages within school.
• Subcultures try to differ from dominant cultures by creating their own style, dress, and music; they can also have their own distinctive values.
• Knowledge is gained while enjoying high culture, which helps people in work and education.
• Higher-status individuals often network at high-culture activities, which leads to financial rewards.
• One example of a subculture is an anti-school subculture, which breaks the norms and values of schools.
• Some subcultures develop to oppose authority and rebel against the rest of society.
• Pierre Bourdieu claims that high culture provides people with cultural capital.
• One example of a high culture activity would be enjoying opera.
• Social closure refers to the fact that it is hard to enter high culture unless you were born into it or married.
• Willis explored this subculture by studying working-class boys and found that the anti-school subcultures were formed because the boys knew they would not succeed in school.
• A subculture is a smaller group within a larger group that has its own norms and values that differ from those of a wider society.
• • Dominant culture is the main culture within a society
• Similarities within subcultures

  • Share norms and values
  • Opposition to authority
  • Style, music tastes, etc
• High culture is related to the kinds of culture enjoyed by those with higher status in a society.
• Cultural Capital is having appropriate norms and values (enjoying parts of high culture) which can lead to financial rewards and social mobility
• What are the 7 types of culture?

  1. Subcultures
  2. High Culture
  3. Popular Culture
  4. Consumer Culture
  5. Global Culture
  6. Cultural Diversity
  7. Cultural Hybridity
• Popular culture is every aspect of culture that is not high culture.
• Give examples of popular culture:

  1. Pop music, eg Beyonce
  2. Consumer items, eg iPhones
  3. Media, eg, Eastenders or Harry Potter
  4. Clothing, eg, fake designer bags
  5. Food, eg KFC
• Strinati (1995) argues that the media is largely responsible for creating popular culture because we are now so influenced by what we see and hear in it, such as clothing, language, food, etc. eg saying something "Ate" or Sambas becoming popular again.
• Views around Popular Culture (what it is, etc.):

  • Some argue that popular culture is a simple or less sophisticated version of culture.
  • Others argue that Popular culture is replacing high culture as the dominant culture in society
  • Some argue that popular culture borrows from high culture and makes it available to the masses. EG Designer bags get duped, making them accessible to lower status groups.
• Sociological views around the role of "Popular Culture":

  • Some argue that the powerful high culture groups and individuals use popular culture to exploit and control the lower status groups in society. E.g., by influencing us to buy things that make the rich richer.
  • Others have claimed that popular culture provides lower status groups an opportunity to express their own cultural values and to even rebel, as often what is popular is not in line with what is high culture.