Kidneys - ADH

• What process creates urea in the liver?

  Deamination
• What is the main job of the kidneys?

  Filter blood and remove excess substances
• Why are excess amino acids converted into urea?

  For storage when not needed by the body
• What do kidneys regulate in the body?

  Levels of ions and water
• What can happen if sodium, water, and potassium levels are too high or too low?

  It can damage our cells
• How does sweating relate to kidney function?

  It is a way for water to leave the body
• From where do we lose water in the body?

  Skin, lungs, and urine
• How does osmosis affect water regulation in the body?

  It causes water loss or gain depending on levels
• What happens to cells if there is too much water in the body?

  Cells will swell and might burst
• What happens to cells if there is too little water in the body?

  Cells will shrink and die
• What is the function of nephrons in the kidneys?

  They clean everything in the blood
• What is selective reabsorption in the kidneys?

  Keeping some substances while discarding others
• How does the hypothalamus regulate water levels in the bloodstream?

  It detects water concentration and sends signals
• What hormone is released by the pituitary gland to regulate water levels?

  ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
• What happens when blood water levels are too high?

  Hypothalamus stops sending signals to the pituitary gland
• What is the process of negative feedback in water regulation?

  Monitoring blood water levels to maintain balance
• What percentage of water is typically reabsorbed by the kidneys?

  65%
• What are the key functions of the kidneys?

  • Filter blood
  • Remove excess water and salts
  • Regulate ion levels
  • Produce urine
• What are the consequences of imbalanced water levels in the body?

  • Too much water: cells swell and burst
  • Too little water: cells shrink and die
• Describe the process of water regulation in the kidneys.

  1. Hypothalamus detects water concentration
  2. Signals pituitary gland
  3. ADH released into bloodstream
  4. Kidneys adjust urine production
  5. Maintains water balance